Collembola, the biological species concept and the underestimation of global species richness

“…This is in contrast to other studies on mites, insects, or other invertebrates, which have shown that presumed widespread taxa often represent complexes of cryptic species (Cicconardi, Fanciulli, & Emerson, 2013; Navia et al, 2013; Pérez-Portela, Arranz, Rius, & Turon, 2013; Schäffer et al, 2010). However, a clear geographic pattern can be seen in the haplotypes, which means that populations from different geographic locations do not show extensive gene flow between each other and dispersal may be limited.…”

“…Distance decay was high in all orders (Figure 6, Figure ), but it is more marked in groups with more limited dispersal abilities (e.g., Collembola and Arachnida) than in groups with higher dispersal abilities (e.g., Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera). Interestingly, for Collembola our results hold both considering our entire sampling as well as finer (<2 km) geographic distances (Figures 5 and 6), which is consistent with genetic studies within Collembola showing genetic differentiation over very short geographic distances (Arribas et al, 2020; Cicconardi et al, 2013).…”

“…The small spatial scale of turnover and endemicity is consistent with population genetic studies in soil mesofauna showing deep genetic breaks even over relative short geographic distances (Andújar, Pérez-González, et al, 2017; Cicconardi et al, 2013). In contrast, our results are not concordant with the extended view of long-distance dispersal as prevalent process for soil mesofauna, as might be expected from evidences of passive dispersal by air, water or in marine plankton (Decaëns, 2010; Thakur et al, 2019; Wardle, 2002).…”

“…This is in contrast to other studies on mites, insects, or other invertebrates, which have shown that presumed widespread taxa often represent complexes of cryptic species (Cicconardi, Fanciulli, & Emerson, 2013; Navia et al, 2013; Pérez-Portela, Arranz, Rius, & Turon, 2013; Schäffer et al, 2010). However, a clear geographic pattern can be seen in the haplotypes, which means that populations from different geographic locations do not show extensive gene flow between each other and dispersal may be limited.…”

“…Distance decay was high in all orders (Figure 6, Figure ), but it is more marked in groups with more limited dispersal abilities (e.g., Collembola and Arachnida) than in groups with higher dispersal abilities (e.g., Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera). Interestingly, for Collembola our results hold both considering our entire sampling as well as finer (<2 km) geographic distances (Figures 5 and 6), which is consistent with genetic studies within Collembola showing genetic differentiation over very short geographic distances (Arribas et al, 2020; Cicconardi et al, 2013).…”

“…The small spatial scale of turnover and endemicity is consistent with population genetic studies in soil mesofauna showing deep genetic breaks even over relative short geographic distances (Andújar, Pérez-González, et al, 2017; Cicconardi et al, 2013). In contrast, our results are not concordant with the extended view of long-distance dispersal as prevalent process for soil mesofauna, as might be expected from evidences of passive dispersal by air, water or in marine plankton (Decaëns, 2010; Thakur et al, 2019; Wardle, 2002).…”

“…This is in contrast to other studies on mites, insects, or other invertebrates, which have shown that presumed widespread taxa often represent complexes of cryptic species (Cicconardi, Fanciulli, & Emerson, 2013; Navia et al, 2013; Pérez-Portela, Arranz, Rius, & Turon, 2013; Schäffer et al, 2010). However, a clear geographic pattern can be seen in the haplotypes, which means that populations from different geographic locations do not show extensive gene flow between each other and dispersal may be limited.…”

“…Distance decay was high in all orders (Figure 6, Figure ), but it is more marked in groups with more limited dispersal abilities (e.g., Collembola and Arachnida) than in groups with higher dispersal abilities (e.g., Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera). Interestingly, for Collembola our results hold both considering our entire sampling as well as finer (<2 km) geographic distances (Figures 5 and 6), which is consistent with genetic studies within Collembola showing genetic differentiation over very short geographic distances (Arribas et al, 2020; Cicconardi et al, 2013).…”

“…The small spatial scale of turnover and endemicity is consistent with population genetic studies in soil mesofauna showing deep genetic breaks even over relative short geographic distances (Andújar, Pérez-González, et al, 2017; Cicconardi et al, 2013). In contrast, our results are not concordant with the extended view of long-distance dispersal as prevalent process for soil mesofauna, as might be expected from evidences of passive dispersal by air, water or in marine plankton (Decaëns, 2010; Thakur et al, 2019; Wardle, 2002).…”