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j

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: J [U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J], յ [U+0575 ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI], Appendix:Variations of "j", and [U+148E CANADIAN SYLLABICS COO]

j U+006A, j
LATIN SMALL LETTER J
i
[U+0069]
Basic Latin k
[U+006B]

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Letter

j (upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation

  • Pronunciation of IPA [jːɑː, ɑjɑː] with the sound [j]:(file)

Symbol

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

j

  1. (IPA) a palatal approximant a.k.a. yod.
  2. (superscript ʲ, IPA) palatalization ([j]-coloring) of a consonant; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [j] – see ʲ.
  3. (pharmacy, obsolete) one.
    j
    one ounce
  4. (physics) imaginary unit
  5. (mathematics, often in bold) The unit vector in the y direction.
    Coordinate terms: i, k

See also

Other representations of J:

English

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J, plural js or j's)

  1. The tenth letter of the English alphabet, called jay and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

  • In Spanish language loanwords and names, "j" is pronounced as an "h", for example in fajita and Julio.
  • The name of this letter is spelled jay, plural jays
  • In Scotland, this letter is sometimes spelled jy, to reflect the local pronunciation.

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 1

Noun

j (plural js)

  1. (slang) A term for a marijuana cigarette ('joint').
    "I went outside to smoke myself a J" — Paul Simon, from the song "Late in the Evening" from the album, "One Trick Pony."
  2. (mathematics) An alternative version of i, the positive square root of -1; used in the context of electronics.
  3. (mathematics) The second unit vector, after i

Etymology 2

Adverb

j (not comparable)

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of just.
    im lwk j chillin wbu?

Araki

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. A letter of the Araki alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

  • (phoneme) IPA(key): [ʒ]
  • (letter name) IPA(key): [ʒeː], [ʒɯː]

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Basque

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Southern) /xota/, [xo̞.t̪a]
  • IPA(key): (Northern) /jota/, [jo̞.t̪a]

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called jota and written in the Latin script.

See also

Catalan

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called jota and written in the Latin script.

See also

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. A letter of the Central Mazahua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Chipewyan

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Czech

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Czech alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Dutch

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. the tenth letter of the Dutch alphabet

See also

  • Previous letter: i
  • Next letter: k

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Interjection

iA2
  1. O! (vocative interjection)

Alternative forms

Descendants

  • Old Coptic: ⲏⲓ (ēi)

Verb

iA2
  1. (transitive) to say

Usage notes

By historical times, this verb is used almost exclusively as part of the quotative jn in its various forms.

Alternative forms

Noun

i
D78B
 m
  1. (rare) statement, report, word (about someone’s good qualities) [Pyramid Texts]
    • c. 2255 BCE – 2246 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Merenre — west wall of the corridor’s north section, line 25–27, spell 609.18–22:[1]
      ini&nmin
      f
      d
      Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
      ipwiAt
      iAt
      tyw

      N41sQ2wHrD
      a
      bsn
      pr
      r
      r
      iwmgsiAbn
      p
      t
      pt

      wT
      z
      U39sni
      D78B
      kp
      n
      nfrnnHbkAkAkAD30

      D&d nn
      k
      zAt
      k
      N41
      t

      wT
      z
      U39nnHbkAkAkAD30i
      D78B
      kp
      n
      nfrrnR8AR8AR8AR8AR8AR8A
      jn m j n (j)fd(w) jpw jꜣtjw
      ḥmsw ḥr ḏꜥb.sn prrjw m gs jꜣb n(j) pt
      wṯz.sn j.k pn nfr n nḥb-kꜣw
      ḏd.n n.k zꜣt.k jdt
      wṯz nḥb-kꜣw j.k pn nfr n psḏtj
      • Translation by Allen[2]
        A statement will be fetched to the four mound-gods who sit at their charcoal-burning and emerge from the eastern side of the sky, and they will bear this good statement of you, which your daughter the Cow has spoken for you, to Kas-Assigner, and Kas-Assigner will bear this good statement of you to the Dual Ennead.
    • c. 2246 BCE – 2152 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi II — east wall of the corridor’s south section, line 6–8, spell 609.18–22:[3]
      HASHHASHin<
      ppi[[i
      ><
      ranfr]]kA
      >HASHHASHHASHHASH

      HASHHASHHASHHASHHASHHASHHASHV_HASHg
      gs
      siiAbnp t
      pt

      HASHHASHV_HASHsniiin[[<
      ppii
      ><
      ra]]nfrkA
      >p
      n
      nfrr
      n
      nHHASHHASHHASH

      HASHHASH[[<
      p]]p[[i]]i
      >[[<
      ranfr]]kA
      >DHASHHASHHASHk
      [[ N41 ]] t
      G7

      U39wTz
      n
      nHbkAkAkAD30G7ii[[in]]<
      ppii
      ><
      ranfrkA
      >p
      n
      HASHHASHHASHHASH
      [jn jj]j n(j) ppy [nfr]-kꜣ-[rꜥ n jfdw jpw jꜣtjw
      ḥmsw ḥr ḏꜥb.sn prrjw m] gs jꜣb n(j) pt
      [wṯz].sn jjj n(j) [ppy] nfr-kꜣ-[rꜥ] pn nfr n nḥ[b-kꜣw]
      [… p]py [nfr]-kꜣ-[rꜥ] ḏ[d.n n.k zꜣt].k [jd]t
      wṯz nḥb-kꜣw jj[j n(j)] ppy nfr-kꜣ-rꜥ pn [nfr n psḏtj]
      • Translation by Allen (modified)[2]
        [A state]ment of Pepi [Nefer]ka[re will be fetched to the four mound-gods who sit at their charcoal-burning and emerge from] the eastern side of the sky, and they [will bear] this good statement of [Pepi] Neferka[re … Pe]pi [Nefer]ka[re], which your [daughter the Co]w [has] spo[ken for you], to [Kas-As]signer, and Kas-Assigner will bear this [good] state[ment of] Pepi Neferkare [to the Dual Ennead].

Usage notes

The above quotes constitute all the known attestations of this word.

Alternative forms

Noun

iZ1Hn
Z2ss
 m
  1. some part of a reed, likely panicles or leaves

Alternative forms

References

  1. ^ Allen, James (2013), A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 609.18–22 (Pyr. 1708a–1708f), M
  2. 2.0 2.1 Allen, James (2005), The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, page 230
  3. ^ Allen, James (2013), A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 609.18–22 (Pyr. 1708a–1708f), N

Esperanto

Pronunciation

(phoneme)

  • IPA(key): (in a syllable onset) /j/, (in a syllable coda) /i̯/

(letter)

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The thirteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called jo and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

It is debated whether the letter j corresponds to one phoneme or two. Multiple authors consider it to correspond to a single phoneme /j/, which is pronounced [j] in syllable onsets, [i̯] in syllable codas, and even [ʝ] before the vowel i.[1]

See also

Further reading

  1. ^ Sergio Pokrovskij (2014) Duonvokaloj kaj diftongoj, Lingva Kritiko.

Estonian

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called jott and written in the Latin script.

See also

Faroese

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The twelfth letter of the Faroese alphabet, called jodd and written in the Latin script.

See also

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German, and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and j for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called jii and written in the Latin script.

See also

French

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Fula

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

See also

Gothic

Romanization

j

  1. romanization of 𐌾

Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈj]
  • (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈjeː]

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative j j-k
accusative j-t j-ket
dative j-nek j-knek
instrumental j-vel j-kkel
causal-final j-ért j-kért
translative j-vé j-kké
terminative j-ig j-kig
essive-formal j-ként j-kként
essive-modal
inessive j-ben j-kben
superessive j-n j-ken
adessive j-nél j-knél
illative j-be j-kbe
sublative j-re j-kre
allative j-hez j-khez
elative j-ből j-kből
delative j-ről j-kről
ablative j-től j-ktől
non-attributive
possessive – singular
j-é j-ké
non-attributive
possessive – plural
j-éi j-kéi
Possessive forms of j
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. j-m j-im
2nd person sing. j-d j-id
3rd person sing. j-je j-i
1st person plural j-nk j-ink
2nd person plural j-tek j-itek
3rd person plural j-jük j-ik

See also

Further reading

  • j in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Icelandic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈjɔːð] (letter name)

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The thirteenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Ido

Pronunciation

  • (context pronunciation) IPA(key): /ʒ/
  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ʒe/

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Indonesian

Pronunciation

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /d͡ʒe/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Isoko

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Isoko alphabet, written in the Latin script.

References

  • E. O. Agbada et al, Vbuhrẹ Ụmụ́bọrá Isoko (Teach Yourself Isoko), first published 2008, revised edition 2017, page 8, 10
  • Onyerioma Isaac Itegolor, Isoko Wha Dooo...! Book 2 (Operation Speak Your Language), Revised Standard Edition (2015), page 1
  • Joe Okedi, Abidi Isoko Na Kpobi, 2020

Italian

Letter

j f or m (lower case, upper case J, invariable)

  1. The tenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called i lunga and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

  • The letter J is not considered part of the contemporary Italian alphabet. See under J.

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog j. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English j.

Pronunciation

  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ˈdjej/ [ˈd͡ʒei̯]
  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ]

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dyey and written in the Latin script.

See also

References

  • Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016), Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎[2] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Karelian

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Karelian alphabet, called jii and written in the Latin script.

See also

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The fourteenth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Khiamniungan Naga

Etymology

The Khiamniungan Naga language is presently written using the Latin alphabet. No indigenous or alternative script has been documented from earlier periods in the language's history. For a detailed description of the writing system's conventions including vowel and Consonant representation, tone marking (such as the use of h for glottal, the letter ü is pronounced ə), and orthographic rules, see the Wikipedia article on the Khiamniungan alphabet.

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. (Patsho) The sixth letter of the Khiamniungan Naga alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Pronunciation guide

Uppercase IPA Canonical Pronunciation Phonetic examples in English Phonetic examples in Khiamniungan Naga
A a aa father āmpāu(pastor)
Ch tʃʰ tʃʰə chair, watch chām(book)
E ɛ a bed, elephant ēm(colony of Jhumland)
H h husband hêi(hello)
I i ee beet îe(winnowing tray)
J tʃə picture, culture, nature jām(house)
K k sky, skip kēu(uncle)
Kh kʰə canoe, Cost, cat khèu(head)
L l alone lāi(spear)
M m money màu(ant)
N n nine, never nòk
Ng ŋ ŋə sing, throng ngēm(news)
Ny ɲ ɲə canyon, bunyan nyù(mother)
O ɔ ɔ orange ônyù(sky)
P P spill, span pòu(father)
Ph pʰə pound phōh(hand)
S ʃ ʃə sound (liver)
Sh ʃʰ ʃʰə shine shām(mat)
T t stop, stand tòuh(wild pig)
Th tʰə Thomas thoi(pumking)
Ts ts tsə cats, hats, pizza tsēm(salt)
Tsh Tsʰ Tsʰə tshep(kiss) tshō(traditional basket)
U ʊ, u ʊ, u look, hoop ûo(goat)
Ü ə ə banana chǖlám
V v very vèu(chicken)
W w watt wā(flour)
Y j yellow yòh(pig)
Glottal(h) is used at the end of the word ʔ ʔ stop Mountain, button, cotton chāh(through)

Latvian

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

Letter

J

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called and written in the Latin script.

See also

Livonian

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Malay

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Maltese

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The tenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Mam

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. A letter of the Mam alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Middle English

Pronoun

j

  1. alternative form of I (I)

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Norwegian

Pronunciation

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /jeː/, /jodː/, [jeː], [jɔdː]
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): [j], [jː]

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. Antepenultimate letter of the Norwegian alphabet, coming after i and before k.

Nupe

Pronunciation

Letter

j (lower case, upper case J)

  1. The twelfth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Polish

Etymology

    The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The thirteenth letter of the Polish alphabet, called jot and written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Portuguese

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j m (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The tenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called jota and written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Further reading

    Romani

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. (International Standard) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    2. (Pan-Vlax) The fourteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

    References

    • Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “J, j”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 14

    Romanian

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The thirteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called je or and written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Serbo-Croatian

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J, Cyrillic equivalent ј)

    1. The fourteenth letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet (gajica), written in the Latin script; preceded by i and followed by k.

    See also

    Silesian

    Etymology

    The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The twelfth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Skolt Sami

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The seventeenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Slovak

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The eighteenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Spanish

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The tenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Swedish

    Pronunciation

    Letter name
    Phoneme

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The tenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called ji and written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Tagalog

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Spanish j. Each pronunciation has a different source:

    • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English j.
    • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish j.

    Pronunciation

    • (Standard Tagalog)
      • IPA(key): /ˈdjej/ [ˈd͡ʒeɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
        • IPA(key): (no palatal assimilation) /ˈdjej/ [ˈd̪jeɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
        • Rhymes: -ej
      • IPA(key): /ˈhota/ [ˈhoː.t̪ɐ] (letter name, Abecedario)
      • IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] (phoneme)
        • IPA(key): (no palatal assimilation) /dj/ [d̪j] (phoneme)
      • IPA(key): /h/ [h] (phoneme, Spanish unadapted loanwords)
      • IPA(key): /s/ [s] (phoneme, Spanish unadapted loanwords, obsolete)

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. the tenth letter of the Filipino alphabet, called dyey and written in the Latin script
    2. (historical) the eleventh letter of the Abecedario, called jota and written in the Latin script

    Usage notes

    • This letter is mostly used only in slang, proper nouns, or unadapted loanwords.
    • Some Spanish words originally with Spanish j tend to be replaced with h in Tagalog.
    • Some purists of Tagalog replace j in words with dy.

    See also

    Further reading

    • j”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

    Tlingit

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Turkish

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The thirteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Turkmen

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The eleventh letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Uzbek

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The ninth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Vietnamese

    Pronunciation

    Pronoun

    j

    1. (Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of

    Interjection

    j

    1. (Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of

    Welsh

    Pronunciation

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The fourteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èl and written in the Latin script; preceded by i and followed by l.

    See also

    Mutation

    • Dd cannot be mutated in Welsh.

    Further reading

    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “j”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

    Yele

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /t̪ʲ/ (nj is pronounced [nd͡ʑ])

    Letter

    j (lower case, no upper case)

    1. A letter of the Yele alphabet, written in the Latin script; only occurs in the digraph nj.

    See also

    Yoruba

    Pronunciation

    • (phoneme): IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/
    • (letter name): IPA(key): /d͡ʒí/

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The eleventh letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called and written in the Latin script.

    See also

    Zulu

    Letter

    j (lower case, upper case J)

    1. The tenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also