Mortality in East African shorthorn zebu cattle under one year: predictors of infectious-disease mortality

Thumbi, Samuel M.; Bronsvoort, Mark; Kiara, Henry; Toye, Philip; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Ndila, Mary; Conradie, Ilana; Jennings, Amy; Handel, Ian; Coetzer, JAW; Steyl, Johan; Hanotte, Olivier; Woolhouse, Mark

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-175

BMC Vet Res

2013

DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-175

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Mortality in East African shorthorn zebu cattle under one year: predictors of infectious-disease mortality

Samuel M. Thumbi

¹

,

Mark Bronsvoort

²

,

Henry Kiara

³

et al.

Abstract: BackgroundInfectious livestock diseases remain a major threat to attaining food security and are a source of economic and livelihood losses for people dependent on livestock for their livelihood. Knowledge of the vital infectious diseases that account for the majority of deaths is crucial in determining disease control strategies and in the allocation of limited funds available for disease control. Here we have estimated the mortality rates in zebu cattle raised in a smallholder mixed farming system during the… Show more

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Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The calf vaccination effect, represented by an estimated elasticity of −0.086 ( P < 0.01), is the largest source of whole-herd death reduction; the vaccination effect for all cattle (−0.056) exhibits a smaller effect in magnitude as compared to calves but remains statistically significant at the 10% level. This age effect is consistent with the incidence of ECF transmission during the first year of life ( 7 ). For calves, the estimated elasticity implies a marginal effect of 0.033, which means that for every 100 calves that are vaccinated, 3.3 calves are saved from ECF death (1 for each 30 vaccinations).…”

Section: Results

supporting

confidence: 88%

Livestock vaccinations translate into increased human capital and school attendance by girls

Marsh

¹

,

Yoder

²

,

Deboch

³

et al. 2016

Sci. Adv.

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…The calf vaccination effect, represented by an estimated elasticity of −0.086 ( P < 0.01), is the largest source of whole-herd death reduction; the vaccination effect for all cattle (−0.056) exhibits a smaller effect in magnitude as compared to calves but remains statistically significant at the 10% level. This age effect is consistent with the incidence of ECF transmission during the first year of life ( 7 ). For calves, the estimated elasticity implies a marginal effect of 0.033, which means that for every 100 calves that are vaccinated, 3.3 calves are saved from ECF death (1 for each 30 vaccinations).…”

Section: Results

supporting

confidence: 88%

Livestock vaccinations translate into increased human capital and school attendance by girls

Marsh

¹

,

Yoder

²

,

Deboch

³

et al. 2016

Sci. Adv.

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…This field observation is in line with the lack of antibody response in cattle challenged by lethal inoculation with T. parva stabilates in pen trials (Toye et al unpublished results). It extends the previous observation of Thumbi et al (2013) that seropositivity to T. parva was associated with a reduced risk of death. Our study indicates that this is due to the fact that only animals that survive T. parva infection produce detectable antibodies, rather than there being a survival advantage conferred by anti-T. parva antibodies.…”

Section: Discussion

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…In comparison, most calves in the cohort seroconverted to and survived infection with T. parva (Thumbi et al . 2013 ), suggesting that immunity to field challenge develops after a single infection in most calves in this population. This is somewhat surprising, as immunity to T. parva is strain-specific (Taracha et al .…”

Section: Discussion

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Serological responses in calves that died of T. parva infection during the study Clinical, laboratory and post-mortem reports of the 88 animals that died during the 51-week study period were examined by an expert veterinary panel to establish the likely cause of death of these animals. ECF, which results from infection with T. parva, was considered the primary cause of death in 32 cases and a contributing cause in 2 animals, as reported previously (Bronsvoort et al 2013;Thumbi et al 2013). (Three of the 34 animals were euthanized and are considered here as dying of the primary pathology seen post-mortem.)…”

Section: Infection Pressure Exerted By the Four Haemoparasites

mentioning

confidence: 83%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A longitudinal assessment of the serological response toTheileria parvaand other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western Kenya

Kiara

¹

,

Jennings

²

,

Bronsvoort

³

et al. 2014

Parasitology

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…Previous work on this study population has also found associations between EPG and other key components of individual phenotypes, specifically survival rates and body size (Thumbi et al 2013a, b). Thus strongyle EPG has a major impact on life history in this population.…”

Section: Discussion

supporting

confidence: 56%

Variation and covariation in strongyle infection in East African shorthorn zebu calves

Callaby

¹

,

Hanotte

²

,

Wyk

³

et al. 2014

Parasitology

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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