Measurement of the Earth's rotation: 720 BC to AD2015

Stephenson, F. R.; Morrison, L. V.; Hohenkerk, C. Y.

doi:10.1098/rspa.2016.0404

Proc. R. Soc. A.

2016

DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0404

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Measurement of the Earth's rotation: 720 BC to AD2015

F. R. Stephenson

¹

,

L. V. Morrison

²

,

C. Y. Hohenkerk

³

Abstract: New compilations of records of ancient and medieval eclipses in the period 720 BC to AD 1600, and of lunar occultations of stars in AD 1600–2015, are analysed to investigate variations in the Earth’s rate of rotation. It is found that the rate of rotation departs from uniformity, such that the change in the length of the mean solar day (lod) increases at an average rate of +1.8 ms per century. This is significantly less than the rate predicted on the basis of tidal friction, which is +2.3 ms per century. Besid… Show more

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Cited by 101 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The resulting decrease in LOD could explain the difference between the recently observed trend in LOD changes and the physically expected one as highlighted by Munk (). It would in addition be consistent with the low‐frequency oscillatory behavior of the LOD reported by Stephenson et al ().…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although the large uncertainty levels associated with

ā

and

{\overset{Λ}{true}}_{FLOW}

forbids any definitive conclusions on the impact of the last century RSL‐IM on the variations in the LOD, our results suggest that the outer core flow could be compensating it by globally inducing an increase of the Earth's rotation rate. The equivalent shortening of the LOD due to the global augmentation of the CAM over the last century would be consistent with the oscillatory trend of the LOD estimated by Stephenson et al (), which is decaying between approximately the years 1500 and 2200.…”

Section: Geophysical Applicationsupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling and Predicting the Short‐Term Evolution of the Geomagnetic Field

Bärenzung

¹

,

Holschneider

²

,

Wicht

³

et al. 2018

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…The resulting decrease in LOD could explain the difference between the recently observed trend in LOD changes and the physically expected one as highlighted by Munk (). It would in addition be consistent with the low‐frequency oscillatory behavior of the LOD reported by Stephenson et al ().…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although the large uncertainty levels associated with

ā

and

{\overset{Λ}{true}}_{FLOW}

forbids any definitive conclusions on the impact of the last century RSL‐IM on the variations in the LOD, our results suggest that the outer core flow could be compensating it by globally inducing an increase of the Earth's rotation rate. The equivalent shortening of the LOD due to the global augmentation of the CAM over the last century would be consistent with the oscillatory trend of the LOD estimated by Stephenson et al (), which is decaying between approximately the years 1500 and 2200.…”

Section: Geophysical Applicationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Modeling and Predicting the Short‐Term Evolution of the Geomagnetic Field

Bärenzung

¹

,

Holschneider

²

,

Wicht

³

et al. 2018

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…With this Earth modeling, we obtain a secular angular acceleration of −1328.6 cy −2 (deceleration) equivalent to an increase in the LOD rate of 2.418 ms cy −1 . We show that such an estimate is in very good agreement with a recent determination of the Earth's tidal braking (Williams & Boggs 2016;Stephenson et al 2016) and is consistent with the total rates inferred from observations (Morrison et al 2021). The main components of this result are the ocean tides and the semidiurnal band or sectorial component of redistribution potential.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Secular changes in length of day: Effect of the mass redistribution

Baenas¹,

Escapa

²

,

Ferrándiz

³

2021

A&A

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…This rate is in agreement with the results of McCarthy and Babcock (1986) and Sidorenkov (2005). The above rate is lower than the mean of 1.78 ms/cy derived on the basis of the data for eclipses from the Antiquity to 1600 AD by Stephenson et al (2016). We also noticed that the difference in the two rates appear at the epoch of a major change in the data accuracy with telescopic observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

On the relation of the lunar recession and the length-of-the-day

Maeder

¹

,

Gueorguiev

²

2021

Astrophys Space Sci

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

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