Kingdom of Greece

Kingdom of Greece Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος Vasíleion tis Elládos
1832–1924 1935–1973a
Flag (1863–1973) Coat of arms (1936–1973)
Motto:  Ἐλευθερία ἢ Θάνατος "Freedom or Death"
Anthem: Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν "Hymn to Liberty" Royal anthem: Τον βασιλέα μας σώσον, Θεέ! (1832–1862) "Save our king, God!"
The Kingdom of Greece during the Greco-Turkish War
Capital	Nafplio (1832–1834) Athens (1834–1973)
Largest city	Athens
Official languages	Greekb
Religion	Greek Orthodoxy (official)
Demonym(s)	Greek
Government	Unitary absolute monarchy (1832–1844) Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy (1844–1924; 1935–1941; 1944–1973) under a Metaxist royalist dictatorship (1936–1941) under a military junta (1967–1973)
King
• 1832–1862 (first)	Otto (House of Wittelsbach)
• 1964–1973 (last)	Constantine II (House of Glücksburg)
Prime Minister
• 1833 (first)	Spyridon Trikoupis
• 1967–1973 (last)	Georgios Papadopoulos
Legislature	None (rule by decree) (1832–1844) Parliament (1843–1924; 1935–1941; 1944–1973)
• Upper house	Senate (1844–1864)
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies (1844–1863)
Historical era	Modern
• Kingdom established	7 May 1832
• Constitution granted	3 September 1843
• King Otto ousted	23 October 1862
• Goudi coup	28 August 1909
• Balkan Wars	1912–1913
• National Schism	1915–1917
• Asia Minor Campaign	1919–1922
• Second Republic	1924–1935
• Metaxas regime	1936–1941
• Axis occupation	1941–1944
• Greek Civil War	1946–1949
• Admitted to the UN	25 October 1945
• Military Junta	21 April 1967
• Republic declared	1 June 1973
Population
• 1971 census	8768641
Currency	Greek drachma (₯)
Preceded by Succeeded by 1832: First Hellenic Republic 1864: Ionian Islands 1912: Principality of Samos Free State of Icaria 1913: Cretan State 1914: Northern Epirus 1935: Second Hellenic Republic 1944: Hellenic State 1947: Italian Islands of the Aegean 1924: Second Hellenic Republic 1941: Hellenic State 1947: Provisional Democratic Government 1973: Hellenic Republic (military junta)
Today part of	Greece Turkey
^ On 1 June 1973, the Greek military junta unilaterally abolished the monarchy, then held a rigged referendum on 29 July 1973. This decision was ratified in 1974. ^ Katharevousa was the conservative form of the Modern Greek language used both for literary and official purposes, though seldom in daily language.

The Kingdom of Greece (Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος [vaˈsili.on tis eˈlaðos]) was a country established in 1832 by the London Conference of 1832 by many superpowers (the British Empire, the French Empire and the Russian Empire). It was recognized internationally following the Treaty of Constantinople, ensuring full independence from the Ottoman Empire. This event marked the birth of a full independent Greek state since the defeat of the Byzantine Empire against the Ottomans around mid-15th century.

The Kingdom was the successor of the Greek provisional government after the Greek War of Independence that lasted until 1924. In 1924, monarchy in Greece was abolished and the Second Hellenic Republic was established. The restoration of the Kingdom of Greece lasted from 1935 to 1973. The Kingdom was once again collapsed following the rise of the military dictatorship in seven years, and later the democratic Third Hellenic Republic, which is the government of Greece today.

Sources

• Colovas, Anthone C. A Quick History of Modern Greece (2007) excerpt and text search
• Gallant, Thomas W. Modern Greece (Brief Histories) (2001)
• Herzfeld, Michael. Ours Once More: Folklore, Ideology and the Making of Modern Greece (1986) excerpt and text search
• Kalyvas, Stathis. Modern Greece: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2015)
• Keridis, Dimitris. Historical Dictionary of Modern Greece (2009) excerpt and text search
• Koliopoulos, John S., and Thanos M. Veremis. Modern Greece: A History since 1821 (2009) excerpt and text search
• Woodhouse, C. M. Modern Greece: A Short History (2000) excerpt and text search