Mughal dynasty

The Mughal dynasty (Persian: دودمان مغل‎; Dudmân-e Mughal) was an Indian imperial dynasty,^[1]^[2]^[3] which comprised the members of the imperial House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر‎; Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), also known as the Gurkanis (Persian: گورکانیان‎; Gūrkāniyān).^[4] They ruled the Mughal Empire from c. 1526 to 1857.

The Mughals are a branch of the Timurid dynasty. The emperors are generally categorised as either one of the early Great Mughals or the later Lesser Mughals.

Early or Great Mughals

Babur (reigned 1526-1530), who founded the dynasty
Humayun (r: 1530–1540, then interregnum,^[5] then back in 1555-1556)
Akbar the Great (1556-1605)
Jahangir (1606-1627)
Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), who brought the dynasty to its historical zenith

Later or Lesser Mughals

Shah Alam Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712-1713)
Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)
Muhammad Shah Rangeela (1719-1748)
Ahmad Shah (1748-1754)
Alamgir II (1754-1759)
Shah Alam II (1759-1806)
Akbar (Shah) II (1806-1837)
Bahadur Shah Zaffar II (1837-1858), the last emperor, deposed by the British

1. Babur
(1483 –1531)

2. Humayun
(1508 –1556)

Masuma Sultan Begum

Kamran Mirza
(1509 –1557)

Gulchehra Begum

Askari Mirza
(1516 –1557/1558)

Hindal Mirza
(1519 –1551)

Gulbadan Begum

Gulrukh Begum

3. Akbar
(1542 –1605)

Mirza Muhammad Hakim
(1553 –1585)

4. Jahangir
(1569 –1627)

Shahzada Khanam

Shah Murad
(1570- 1599)

Daniyal
(1572- 1604)

Shakarunnisa Begum

Aram Banu Begum

Sultan Nisar Begum

Khusrau Mirza
(1587 –1622)

Parvez
(1590- 1626)

Bahar Banu Begum

5. Shah Jahan
(1592 –1666)

Lizzat-un-nisa Begum

Jahandar

Shahrayar
(1605 –1628)

Jahanara Begum

Dara Shikoh
(1615- 1659)

Shah Shuja
(1616-1661)

Roshanara Begum

6. Aurangzeb^{[lower-roman 1]}
(1618 –1707)

Murad Baksh
(1624 - 1661)

7. Muhammad Azam Shah
(1653 - 1707)

8. Bahadur Shah I
(1643 –1712)

Muhammad Akbar
(1657- 1706)

Muhammad Kam Bakhsh
(1667- 1709)

Azim-ush-Shan
(1664 –1712)

Rafi-ush-Shan
(1671 –1712)

9. Jahandar Shah
(1661 –1713)

Khujista Akhtar
(1673- 1712)

Neku Siyar
(1679- 1723)

Muhi us-Sunnat
(1690- 1747)

10. Farrukhsiyar
(1683 –1719)

12. Shah Jahan II

(1696 –1719)

11. Rafi'u-d-Darjat
(1699 –1719)

Muhammad Ibrahim
(1703 –1746)

15. Alamgir II
(1699 –1759)

13. Muhammad Shah
(1702 –1748)

16. Shah Jahan III
(1711- 1772)

17. Shah Alam II
(1728 –1806)

14. Ahmad Shah Bahadur
(1725 –1775)

19. Akbar Shah II
(1760 –1837)

18. Shah Jahan IV
Bedar Bakht
(1749- 1790)

20. Bahadur Shah II Zafar
(1775 –1862)

Notes:

↑ R. B. Whitehead, Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore: Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Obscure Press, retrieved 29 April 2010

Related pages

Timurid dynasty

References

↑ Petersen, Andrew. Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. p. 198. The Mughals were an Indian Islamic dynasty which ruled most of northern India (including the area of present-day Pakistan) from the beginning of the six- teenth to the mid-eighteenth century.
↑ The Limits of Universal Rule Eurasian Empires Compared. p. 276. From the time of Akbar, who resurrected the Mughal polity, to the last formidable Mughal ruler Aurangzeb (1658-1707), Mughal preoccupation with the Deccan was the single most important sign of the fact that these Timurids had become an Indian dynasty.
↑ Lorentz, John. The A to Z of Iran. p. 283. As the 17th century unfolded, the Safavid rulers not only had the Ottomans to contend with, but also the new Russian Mus- covy that had deposed of the Golden Horde and expanded to Safavid borders, as well as the Indian Mughal Dynasty that had expanded through Afghanistan and into Iranian territory.
↑ Zahir ud-Din Mohammad (10 September 2002). Thackston, Wheeler M. (ed.). The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor. New York: Modern Library. p. xlvi. ISBN 978-0-375-76137-9. In India the dynasty always called itself Gurkani, after Temür's title Gurkân, the Persianized form of the Mongolian kürägän, 'son-in-law,' a title Temür assumed after his marriage to a Genghisid princess.
↑ In which Sher Shah Suri the Pashtun soldier and his successors briefly took over the government

This short article about history can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.

[6] R. B. Whitehead, Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore: Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Obscure Press, retrieved 29 April 2010

[1] Petersen, Andrew. Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. p. 198. The Mughals were an Indian Islamic dynasty which ruled most of northern India (including the area of present-day Pakistan) from the beginning of the six- teenth to the mid-eighteenth century.

[2] The Limits of Universal Rule Eurasian Empires Compared. p. 276. From the time of Akbar, who resurrected the Mughal polity, to the last formidable Mughal ruler Aurangzeb (1658-1707), Mughal preoccupation with the Deccan was the single most important sign of the fact that these Timurids had become an Indian dynasty.

[3] Lorentz, John. The A to Z of Iran. p. 283. As the 17th century unfolded, the Safavid rulers not only had the Ottomans to contend with, but also the new Russian Mus- covy that had deposed of the Golden Horde and expanded to Safavid borders, as well as the Indian Mughal Dynasty that had expanded through Afghanistan and into Iranian territory.

[Thackston2-4] Zahir ud-Din Mohammad (10 September 2002). Thackston, Wheeler M. (ed.). The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor. New York: Modern Library. p. xlvi. ISBN 978-0-375-76137-9. In India the dynasty always called itself Gurkani, after Temür's title Gurkân, the Persianized form of the Mongolian kürägän, 'son-in-law,' a title Temür assumed after his marriage to a Genghisid princess.

[5] In which Sher Shah Suri the Pashtun soldier and his successors briefly took over the government

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[lower-roman 1]