Sepsis

Sepsis
Maina a mangwe	Septicemia, blood poisoning
Blood culture bottles: orange cap for anaerobes, green cap for aerobes, and yellow cap for blood samples from children
Tlhanolo	/ˈsɛps[unsupported input]s/
Specialty	Infectious disease
Dikai	Fever, increased heart rate, low blood pressure, increased breathing rate, confusion
Causes	Immune response triggered by an infection
Risk factors	Young or old age, cancer, diabetes, major trauma, burns
Diagnostic method	Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), qSOFA
Treatment	Intravenous fluids, antimicrobials
Prognosis	10 to 80% risk of death
Frequency	0.2–3 per 1000 a year (developed world)

Sepsis ke boemo jo bo ka tsenyang botshelo mo kotsing jo bo nnang teng fa tsela e mmele o tsibogelang megare ka yone e baka kgobalo mo ditshikig le mo dirweng tsa one. Kgato e ya tshimologo e latelwa ke kgatelelo ya masole a mmele. Dikai tse di tlwaelesegileng di akaretsa letshoroma, go itaya ga pelo, go hema ka bonako, le go tlhakana tlhogo. Gape go ka nna le dikai tse di amanang le megare e e rileng, jaaka go gotlhola ka nyumonia, kgotsa go rota mo go botlhoko ka tshwaetsego ya diphilo. Banana, ba ba godileng, le batho ba ba nang le masole a mmele a a bokoa ba ka nna ba se ka ba nna le dikai dipe tsa tshwaetsego e e rileng, mme mogote wa ya mmele o ka nna kwa tlase kgotsa e o go na le go nna le letshoroma . Sepsis e e masisi ke sepsis e e bakang go sa dire sentle ga dirwe kgotsa go elela ga madi. Go nna teng ga kgatelelo e e kwa tlase ya madi, lactate e e kwa godimo mo mading, kgotsa go tswa ga motlhapo go go kwa tlase go ka kaya kelelo e e bokoa ya madi. Septic shock ke kgatelelo e e kwa tlase ya madi ka ntlha ya sepsis e e sa tokafaleng morago ga go emisetsa seeledi.

Sepsis ke tsibogo ya masole a mmele ya go ruruga e e tlhotlhelediwang ke tshwaetsego. Dikai tsa dibakateria ke tsone tse di tlwaelegileng thata tse di bakang seno, mme ditshwaetso tsa fungal, megare le diporotozoa le tsone di ka baka sepsis. Mafelo a a tlwaelegileng a tshwaetsego ya ntlha a akaretsa mafatlha, boboko, mosele wa motlhapo, letlalo, le dirwe tsa mpa . BBatho ba ba mo diphatsa ba akaretsa banana,bagodi, masole a mmele a a bokoa ka mabaka a kankere kgotsa bolwetse jwa sukiri, kgobalo e kgolo, kgotsa go fisiwa. Pele, tlhatlhobo ya sepsis e ne e tlhoka go nna teng ga bonnye dikelo tse pedi tsa karabelo ya go ruruga ga thulaganyo (SIRS) mo seemong sa tshwaetsego e e akanngwang. Ka ngwaga wa 2016, maduo a a khutshwafaditsweng a tlhatlhobo ya go palelwa ga dirwe tsa mmele ka tatelano (maduo a SOFA), a a itsiweng jaaka maduo a SOFA a a bonako (qSOFA), a ne a tsaya sebaka sa thulaganyo ya go tlhatlhoba ya SIRS. Ditekanyetso tsa qSOFA tsa sepsis di akaretsa bonnye di le pedi tsa tse tharo tse di latelang: go hema go go oketsegileng, go fetoga ga selekanyo sa go itharabologelwa, le kgatelelo e e kwa tlase ya madi. Dikaelo tsa sepsis di akantsha gore go bonwe ditso tsa madi pele o simolola dibolayamegare; le fa go ntse jalo, go tlhatlhoba bolwetse jono ga go tlhoke gore madi a tshwaetsege . Ditshwantsho tsa kalafi di a thusa fa go batliwa lefelo le go ka diregang gore tshwaetsego e nne mo go lone. Dilo tse dingwe tse di ka nnang tsa baka matshwao a a tshwanang le ano di akaretsa anaphylaxis, go sa lekana ga diphilo, selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa madi, go sa dire sentle ga pelo, le go tsenwa ke madi mo makgwafong .

Sepsis gantsi e tlhoka kalafi ya ka bonako ka dibolayamegare le diedi tse di tsenngwang mo ditshikaneng. Tlhokomelo e e tswelelang gantsi e tswelela mo yuniting ya tlhokomelo e e tseneletseng . Fa teko e e lekaneng ya go emisetsa dieledi e sa lekana go boloka kgatelelo ya madi, go tla bo go tlhokega gore go dirisiwe melemo e e tlhatlosang kgatelelo ya madi . Go ka tlhokega go tsenya mowa ka metšhini le go tlhatswa madi go tshegetsa tiro ya mafatlha le diphilo, ka go latelana. Go ka nna ga tsenngwa tšhupu ya ditshika tse di fa gare le tšhupu ya ditshika gore di kgone go tsena mo mading le go kaela kalafi. Ditekanyo tse dingwe tse di thusang di akaretsa ntsho ya pelo le go tlala ga okosejene ya vena cava e e kwa godimo. Batho ba ba nang le bolwetse jwa sepsis ba tlhoka dikgato tsa thibelo ya thrombosis e e tseneletseng ya ditshika, diso tsa kgatelelo, le diso tsa kgatelelo ntle le fa maemo a mangwe a thibela ditsereganyo tse di jalo. Batho bangwe ba ka solegelwa molemo ke taolo e e gagametseng ya selekanyo sa sukiri mo mading ka insulin. Tiriso ya di-corticosteroid e a ganetsana, ka ditshekatsheko dingwe di bona mosola, mme tse dingwe ga di bone.

Bokete jwa bolwetse bo laola phelelo ka bontlhabongwe. Kotsi ya loso ka ntlha ya sepsis e kwa godimo go fitlha go 30%, fa mo sepsis e e masisi e le kwa godimo go fitlha go 50%, le septic shock 80%. Sepsis e amile batho ba ka nna dimilione di le masome a mane le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi lesome le bosupa , mme go ne ga swa batho ba le dimilione di le lesome le motso (motho a le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano lefatshe ka bophara). Mo mafatsheg a a tlhabologileng, dipalo tse di katshwarang 0,2 go ya go ba le 3 mo go ba le 1000 ba amiwa ke bolwetse jwa sepsis ngwaga le ngwaga, mme seno se felela ka gore go nne le dikgetsi di ka nna milione ka ngwaga kwa United States. Dipalopalo tsa malwetse di ntse di oketsega. Sepsis e tlwaelegile thata mo banneng go feta mo basading. Ditlhaloso tsa sepsis di simolotse ka nako ya ga Hippocrates. Maina la "septicemia" le "botlhole jwa madi" a ntse a dirisiwa ka ditsela tse di farologaneng mme ga a tlhole a rotloediwa.