Comparative Research

Ziel dieses Artikels ist es zum einen, mit dem Begriff der diskursiven Exklusion eine Konzeptualisierung von Exklusion zu unterbreiten, welche den theoretischen Anforderungen an einen soziologisch-analytischen Begriff gewachsen ist und zum anderen, methodische Hinweise zur Erforschung von Exklusionsprozessen zu bieten. Ich werde hierzu die drei emergenten Forschungsperspektiven der Diskursanalyse "nach dem Strukturalismus", der Dispositivanalyse, und der wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse vorstellen und jeweils danach fragen, welches Analysepotenzial von ihnen ausgeht, um soziale Exklusion soziologisch zu fassen. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass jede dieser Perspektiven bestimmte Aspekte in den Vordergrund ruckt, dabei aber wiederum andere vernachlassigt. Am Ende des Artikels werden Moglichkeiten einer Kombination der Ansatze diskutiert. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1302199

Socio-economic research on child well-being and the debate around child indicators has evolved quite rapidly in recent decades. An important contribution to this trend is represented by international comparative research based on multi-dimensional child well-being frameworks: most of this research is based on the comparison of average levels of well-being across countries. This paper tries to respond to the complex

Zusammenfassung Comparative Education bietet vielfältige Möglichkeiten für kulturell kontextualisierte Analysen zu länderspezifischen Besonderheiten von Bildungssystemen und Erwach-senenbildung. Ziel des Beitrags ist es komparative Zugänge vorzustellen und deren Wirkungen zu erkennen und zu analysieren. Zwei Fragestellungen sind leitend: () Welchen Einfluss hat Comparative Education auf eine (komparative) Erwachse-nenbildungsforschung? () Welche Faktoren werden dabei für die Praxis der Erwach-senenbildung relevant und bedeutsam? Im Ergebnis werden ausgewählte Schlüssel-faktoren und-prinzipien sichtbar, die zukünftig zu einer möglicherweise größeren Wertschätzung vergleichender Forschung in der Erwachsenenbildung beitragen kön-nen. Abstract Comparative education offers a wide range of opportunities for culturally contextual-ized analyses of country-specific characteristics of education systems and adult education. The aim of this article is to present comparative approaches and to identify and analyse their effects. Two questions are leading: () What influence does Comparative Education have on (comparative) adult education research? () Which factors become relevant and significant for the practice of adult education? As a result, selected key factors and principles will become visible that may contribute to a potentially greater appreciation of comparative research in adult education in the future can.

This article reports key findings from a comparative survey of the role perceptions, epistemological orientations and ethical views of 1800 journalists from 18 countries. The results show that detachment, non-involvement, providing political information and monitoring the government are considered essential journalistic functions around the globe. Impartiality, the reliability and factualness of information, as well as adherence to universal ethical principles are also valued worldwide, though their perceived importance varies across countries. Various aspects of interventionism, objectivism and the importance of separating facts from opinion, on the other hand, seem to play out differently around the globe. Western journalists are generally less supportive of any active promotion of particular values, ideas and social change, and they adhere more to universal principles in their ethical decisions. Journalists from non-western contexts, on the other hand, tend to be more interventio...

Method: Psychometric analyses were con- ducted (skewness, kurtosis, differential item function (DIF), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency reliability) to exam- ine the equivalence of US English and US Spanish language versions of a measure of diabetes-related distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID). Regression modeling was used to evaluate differences in distress by ethnic group, after adjusting for blood glucose

The objective of this paper is to describe cross-country similarities and differences in national pride and to explain national pride variations on the individual and country levels. The analysis in this paper is applied to different measures of national pride, with some of them being relatively complex cognitively and the others more elementary. The paper presents the results of cross-country comparison of national pride based on empirical evidence from the ISSP-2003 database which included data from 45993 respondents from 36 countries and regions. The survey participants estimated their overall level of national pride by responding to the direct one-item question and, separately, they estimated pride of each of ten specific achievements of their countries in various domains. Factor analysis of these ten items yielded two dimensions of domain-based national pride, one of them being the factor of general pride of various country achievements and the other reflects the inverse relations between the prides of elitist and mass achievements of the nation.

The multilevel regression models estimated for the three indicators of national pride confirm the feasibility of dividing these indicators into cognitively processed and normatively imposed national pride. Cognitively processed national pride measured by the domain-based estimates have been affected by objective country achievements and by the level of standards which the achievements are compared against. The normatively imposed national pride measured by direct one-item question has been influenced by the country level of religiosity that indicates the individual willingness to accept normative messages from the state uncritically.

Rational national pride requires some objective grounds to believe in a nation’s perfection, and normative national pride is not so strongly related to objective achievements and therefore can be more easily manipulated. The practical implication of this difference stems from the fact that in their search for objectively grounded national pride people would be eager to foster country achievements and their maintenance of normatively imposed pride requires in many cases just reliably protected wishful thinking.

From an "intergovernmental" interpretation of public policies, this paper examines the trends towards differentiation and standardization. It uses a comparative case study, the cultural policies of France and Spain, with quite relevant models of similarities and differences. To do it, develops an analytical framework that combines five axis of governmental analysis: the institutional settings, the instruments of intervention, the distribution by levels of government, the lobby capacity of actors and logics, and the priorities, objectives and values of cultural policies. One hypothesis is that the twin trends towards differentiation or toward standardization is not limited to dialogue / tension between states and supranational bodies, but up to all interactions with subnational levels, and therefore beyond the federal or unitary state. The second hypothesis is that at every level of government there are tendencies toward differentiation and standardization. The analysis of ...

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

Objective. This study is an effort to produce a more systematic, empirically-based, historical-comparative understanding of media bias than generally is found in previous works.Methods. The research employs a quantitative measure of ideological bias in a formal content analysis of the United States' two largest circulation news magazines, Time and Newsweek. Findings are compared with the results of an identical examination of two of the nation's leading partisan journals, the conservative National Review and the liberal Progressive.Results. Bias scores reveal stark differences between the mainstream and the partisan news magazines' coverage of four issue areas: crime, the environment, gender, and poverty.Conclusion. Data provide little support for those claiming significant media bias in either ideological direction.

... The role of the police in child abuse cases was formalised and 'joint' police and social ... must be because of the failure of an individual practi-tioner or the 'child protection system'. There has also been a growing concern for child sexual abuse, informed by increased awareness of ...

'The Changing State of Gentrification' (2001) by Jason Hackworth and the late Neil Smith is one of the most influential papers ever published in TESG. By introducing three waves, or periods, of practices and patterns of gentrification, it changed the way we think about gentrification. This Introduction to the Forum discusses the three waves introduced by Hackworth and Smith as well as fourth wave introduced by Lees et al. Finally, I will argue that during the global financial crisis we have entered fifth-wave gentrification. Fifth-wave gentrification is the urban materialization of financialized or finance-led capitalism. The state continues to play a leading role during the fifth wave, but is now supplemented—rather than displaced—by finance. It is characterized by the emergence of corporate landlords, highly leveraged housing, platform capitalism (e.g. Airbnb), transnational wealth elites using cities as a 'safe deposit box', and a further 'naturalization' of state-sponsored gentrification.

Previous studies have noted the dominance of official sources within the news process and their unique ability to shape media narratives. This research addresses the role and implications of news sources in contributing to the overwhelmingly positive portrayal of the anti-Mubarak opposition protesters within British and American newspaper coverage of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. Furthermore, this paper will assess how the position of global political elites towards the protests in Egypt possibly opened up the editorial space within the news coverage of the revolution for the anti-Mubarak opposition movement to emerge as the dominant voice within the reporting.

In this article a sociological diagnosis of football hooliganism as a world phenomenon is given. The author uses mainly English (newspaper) data about football violence (in and outside England) as an empirical base to explore how hooliganism can be theorised and understood. These data can usefully serve as a rough indication of the worldwide incidence of football hooliganism in the twentieth century. The author favours the figurational/process-sociological approach to football hooliganism which is historical and developmental. It also involves an exploration of the meanings of hooligan behaviour via an analysis of verbatim statements by the hooligans themselves, locates the football hooligans in the overall social structure, especially the class system, and examines the dynamics of the relationship between them and groups in the wider society. It is important, nevertheless, to stress that it is unlikely that the phenomenon of football hooliganism will be found always and everywhere to stem from identical social roots. As a basis for further, cross-national research, it is reasonable to hypothesise that the problem is fuelled and contoured by, among other things, what one might call the major 'fault-lines' of particular countries. Effective policies are urgently needed if the great social invention of football is to be protected from the serious threat posed by a combination of hooligan fans, complacent politicians and money-grabbing owners, managers and players.

The aim of the paper is to present excerpts of an interview with Dr. Alexander Korb held at the offices of the Museum of Genocide Victims on July 25, 2019. During an hour long interview, the interlocutors discussed the analytical applicability of the term genocide, similarities and differences between regional and international historiography regarding the scientific interpretations of the intentions and plans of the Ustasha movement, but also other topics equally important to the regional scientific community - critical assessment of German and Italian sources, the potential benefits of comparative approach to Jasenovac's research as well as Banate of Croatia and its role in the dynamics of genocide development in the Independent State of Croatia. The excerpts from the interview, in English, are supplemented with accompanying comments and explanations in appropriate places by the author.

Most of the methods delineated for the comparative analysis of social and political phenomena have been articulated by scholars working within positivist traditions of social science: those that presuppose a realist social world that can be known from a position external to the social realities being studied.  This realist-objectivist position stands in marked contrast to a constructivist-interpretivist one that presumes collectively, inter-subjectively constituted social ‘realities’ and the possibility of their know-ability only ‘from within’, from the contextualized perspective of the subject, whether situational member or researcher.  In this approach, research design rests on the requisite flexibility of research processes and on researcher learning as the research unfolds. In such research, the meanings of key concepts and even the concepts themselves ‘emerge’ from the setting as the researcher learns more about what is significant—meaningful—to situated members, rather than being defined a priori and brought to the field setting to be tested.  This chapter explores the implications of interpretive methodological presuppositions for comparative research design conducted in an interpretive mode.

This study aims to determine what students are most enhancing in writing or speaking abilities. This study is to know what improvements or developments of the student if they are lacking of such abilities. The researcher does the observation between essay writing and oral recitation with the basis of scores in IHMA. Afterwards, the result shows that the students has to improve the abilities especially the confidence, grammatical skills, vocabulary and critical thinking skills.

The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to an unexplored avenue of research, despite its undeniable interest. It is to compare the practices related to the religious normative referential with financial practices based on similar values beyond the fashionable discourse on ethical finance and socially responsible investment. Hence the need to rethink fundamentally the comparative studies involved in this field of knowledge beyond the approach appearing, at first sight, as nourished by the difference, while it is part of a striking desire for convergence and resemblance to the dominant  Anglo-Saxon financial model

Poststructuralist and postcolonial critiques have led to a necessary corrective in the social sciences, but arguments about difference and incommensurability are also mobilised to put the idea of internationally comparative housing studies into question. This paper argues for a relational and comparative global housing studies that goes beyond global north/south and east/west binaries and dichotomies. I mobilise the concept of 'common trajectories' (as opposed to both convergence and divergence) to illustrate how difference is constructed at multiple dimensions rather than primarily along a north/south or east/west axis. The aim is not to argue against postcolonial theory but rather to show how the misuse of these ideas has stifled theoretically-embedded empirical research in general and internationally comparative research more specifically. Finally, I explore the idea of a relational global housing studies that would focus on transnational actors, regulation and markets, as one route out of the dead-end of contrastive housing studies. 
Key words: global urbanisms, comparative research, global south, relationality, transnational regulation, postcolonial critique