European History

The relevance that Bertrando Spaventa gave to the role of philosophy in the construction of a moral and political Italian consciousness and, more in general, of a European one, is still useful to reflect on the relationship between philosophy and the future of Europe. In this paper I reviewed Spaventa’s work La filosofia italiana nelle sue relazioni con la filosofia europea (1862), where the author recognized how important it was to rekindle in Italian citizens the ancient idea of moral liberty, conceptualized during the Renaissance, in order to provide the political input for the creation of Italians.

Was the German public education system or the Hitler Youth more influential in the indoctrination of children in Nazi Germany? The German school system promoted a rhetoric built upon a Nazi ideological framework, with the end goal of having children passively think within that framework. In contrast, the Hitler Youth emphasized physical training and militarization as a critical component of the indoctrination process. Ultimately, both proved vital in the success of Nazi Germany’s re-education program and allowed for the full integration of youth into the Nazi State.

The paper offers a comprehensive study of Hugo Grotius’s vision for the new co­existential paradigm in Europe and ideas of European integration through the prism of political philosophy and international relations. The paper proceeds with the construction of a theoretical framework from various ideas of the thinker and de­fines it as the Grotian theory of European integration. Based on the complex analy­sis of the Grotian concept of a community of sovereign nations and with an inter­pretive approach, the paper studies the visions of European unity in early modern and modern times. Grotius’s recommendation of “general congresses of Christian powers” had a constructive role in the configuration of the emerging European sys­tem of sovereign nation-states and for the new patterns of co-existential consensus. Hence, Grotius’s idealistic and holistic approach towards nations and society of na­tions is viewed within the framework of the theories of structural constructivism and intergovern...

Military revolution can be defined as changes based on firearms in western military system and war methods and different tactics which enabled through these changes, in the European historiography. The military revolution that supplied with colonial sources till 16th century, is especially an indicator of western military superiority against eastern opponents as well as it can be interpreted as the fundamentals of modernization oriented western global hegemony. In this study, the historical development of western warfare is dealed within the frame of fiscal centralization. Each development process is analyzed in its entirety based on historical classification accepted in the literature. Unlike its premises this study the developments in the Russian war logistics is dealed within the concept of interaction

The primary goal of this research is to begin to overcome biases in the Greenlandic Norse archaeological record. Assessing the establishment dates and organization of Norse sites in Greenland is difficult because substantial cultural deposits can be hidden under deep windblown ...

Among the many human tragedies Europe endured during the 20th century, the Spanish Civil War ranks high among the events that most strongly affected our collective future. France was deeply affected by this historical tragedy, since it received four successive waves of ...

European cities: Modernity, race and colonialism is a multidisciplinary collection of scholarly studies which rethink European urban modernity from a race-conscious perspective, being aware of (post-)colonial entanglements. The twelve original contributions empirically focus on such various cities as Barcelona, Buenos Aires,
Cottbus, Genoa, Hamburg, Madrid, Mitrovica, Naples, Paris, Sheffield, and Thessaloniki, engaging multiple combinations of global urban studies, from various historical perspectives, with postcolonial, decolonial and critical race studies. Primarily inspired by the notion of Provincializing Europe (Dipesh Chakrabarty) the collection interrogates dominant, Eurocentric theories, representations and models of European cities across the East-West divide, offering the reader alternative perspectives to understand and imagine urban life and politics. With its focus on Europe, this book ultimately contributes to decades of rigorous critical race scholarship on varied global urban regions.

Le célèbre académicien français Jean Baptiste Duroselle a été chargé par la Commission de l'Union européenne (Communautés européennes à l'époque) et Jacques Delors personnellement d'écrire une Histoire européenne de l'Europe. Ce livre justifierait la création de l'Union européenne dans la 2e moitié du 20e s. comme la couronne de tous les efforts antérieurs pour établir un État à travers le continent. Le livre a été écrit en français (L'Europe : histoire de ses peuples, Paris, Perrin, 1990, 708 p.) et il était destiné à devenir (comme il est en effet devenu) le manuel de base d'histoire européenne pour l'enseignement secondaire de tous. États membres de l'UE. Pour cette raison, de nombreuses traductions ont été produites au niveau local, et le livre est ainsi devenu la pierre angulaire de l'identité européenne ; en ce qui concerne les pays qui n'étaient pas membres en 1990 mais le sont devenus plus tard, le livre a été traduit dans la langue officielle (ou les langues officielles) de chaque pays après son adhésion.

Comme on pouvait s'y attendre, l'État grec chauvin, raciste et pseudoeuropéen a fait exception.
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Publié le 14 septembre 2022 ici:
https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2022/09/14/plaidoyer-pour-le-livre-brillant-de-jean-baptiste-duroselle-leurope-une-histoire-de-ses-peuples/

In 1826, Mehmet Ali of Egypt sent a giraffe from somewhere in what is now the Republic of the Sudan to King Charles X of France. The first live giraffe ever to reach France, she arrived when public museums and zoos were emerging, inspiring scholarly and popular interest in science and the world beyond French borders. This article studies the career and “afterlives” of this giraffe in France and relative to giraffes at large in the Sudan, in order to trace a Franco-Sudanese history that has stretched from the early nineteenth century to the present. At the same time, viewing this connected history in the aftermath of the 2011 secession of South Sudan, when colonial and national borders appear contingent and subject to change, this article approaches the Sudan as a zone (as opposed to a fixed country) within global networks of migration involving people, other animals, things, and ideas. Résumé En 1826, Mehmet Ali d\u27Égypte a envoyé une girafe au roi de France Charles X depuis un li...

Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200–1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 100 Beaker-associated individuals. In contrast to the Corded Ware Complex, which has previously been identified as arriving in central Europe following migration from the east, we observe limited genetic affinity between Iberian and central European Beaker Complex-associated individuals, and thus exclude migration as a significant mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, human migration did have an important role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, which we document most clearly in Britain using data from 80 newly reported individuals dating to 3900–1200 BCE. British Neolithic farmers were...

This paper explores the interconnection between European crises and the Eurovision Song Contest, the largest non-sports-related TV show on earth, which has run as an annual music competition of European countries since 1956. The paper explores the development of the actual show, based on existing audio and video recordings, as well as selected aspects of the respective media coverage. Special focus is paid to the creation of the contest in a post-catastrophic Europe, specifically the first show in Lugano in 1956; the apparent decline of the show’s appeal in Western Europe in the 1980s and 1990s; and finally the contest held in Moscow in 2009, when the global financial crisis had just reached Europe. This research shows that ‘crisis’ is less an objective state, but rather a rhetorical strategy to communicate one’s perceptions of the time, illuminating the significance of the Eurovision Song Contest as an arena for European affairs.

Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200–1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 100 Beaker-associated individuals. In contrast to the Corded Ware Complex, which has previously been identified as arriving in central Europe following migration from the east, we observe limited genetic affinity between Iberian and central European Beaker Complex-associated individuals, and thus exclude migration as a significant mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, human migration did have an important role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, which we document most clearly in Britain using data from 80 newly reported individuals dating to 3900–1200 BCE. British Neolithic farmers were...

Il contributo è concepito come lavoro unitario quantunque la prima sezione (Il mito di Europa e la sua leggibilità) sia da attribuire specificamente a Giulio M. Facchetti, la seconda (L'iconografia del mito) a Daniela Cermesoni e la terza (Il mito dell'Europa) a Omar Khalaf.

Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200–1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 100 Beaker-associated individuals. In contrast to the Corded Ware Complex, which has previously been identified as arriving in central Europe following migration from the east, we observe limited genetic affinity between Iberian and central European Beaker Complex-associated individuals, and thus exclude migration as a significant mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, human migration did have an important role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, which we document most clearly in Britain using data from 80 newly reported individuals dating to 3900–1200 BCE. British Neolithic farmers were...

Simple Malthusian models remain an important tool for understanding pre-modern demographic systems and their connection to the economy. But most recent literature has lost sight of the institutional context for demographic behavior that lay at the heart of Malthus's own analysis. This paper estimates a short-run version of a Malthusian model for two Wurttemberg communities from 1646 to 1870. Wurttemberg differed institutionally from the northwest European societies analyzed in previous studies. The impact of institutional differences shows clearly in differing demographic reactions to economic shocks. Mortality was less sensitive to shocks than one would expect, while nuptiality was especially sensitive.