Iranians

This chapter investigates the integration of Turkish and Iranian immigrants in Sweden. The analytical focus is on the complex network of ties between institutional actors located at origin and at destination, paying special attention to the role of the former, which is referred to as the “origin effect”. Integration emerges from the analysis as both a multifaceted and tangled process: both Turkish and Iranian immigrant groups show high naturalization rates, but they present significant difficulties with regard to education and inclusion in the labour market. Looking “at origin” reveals crucial elements, related to the set of actors and institutions in the sending countries, which are important to explaining the respective integration processes at destination. Despite the complexity of providing a clear picture of the origin effect, which appears – for each group – ambivalent and strictly related to the actors involved, to the relations among them, and to historic migratory profiles, this chapter offers new and interesting insights for the study of immigrant integration.

In the earliest centuries of Islamic period, Arabic language was spread in Iran by accelerated rate and over time it has been converted into Iranian political, scientific, and literary language in the field of Islamic civilization. Amidst, many of Iranian intellectual and literate people created some literary works in Arabic so that an all-out Arabic verse market was highly boosting in Iran, particularly at 4th and 5th Hegira centuries (11th and 16th AD). Mongol invasion to Iranian homeland and arising some sociopolitical developments and failures crucially influenced on different aspects of Iranian community, culture, and literature. The fact that what consequences were resulted from Mongol invasion and social failures and developments for Arabic language and literature in Iran is a subject that will be discussed in this essay and the present paper has tried to interpret it by reliance on experts’ views and studies by contemporary researchers. The conducted survey demonstrated this fact that to the same extent the culture, science and literature market, including Arabic literature had been prosper in Iran, after Mongol invasion it was vanished; but, Arabic literature tree was not totally withered, instead, by revival of Persian literature, Arabic language also resumed its life necessarily and a lot of works in Arabic were left from Iranian poets, who were mainly Persian versifiers, of course

Due milioni di Iraniani vivono al di fuori dei confini nazionali, venticinquemila dei quali in Italia. Negli ultimi anni la comunità iraniana residente nella penisola è cresciuta in maniera esponenziale e la percentuale femminile di residenti sta eguagliando quella maschile, con una forte presenza di studenti universitari

این جستار برگرفته از کتاب «فولکلور یغناب» Folklori Yaghnob نوشته ی طغای مراد یارزاده به خط سیریلیک و لاتین است که آن را سیاوش مرشدی به همراه توضیحات خط برگردان کرده است و در دو ماهنامه ی چیستا، بهمن و اسفند 90، ردیف 290 و 291، صص 74 تا 76 به چاپ رسیده است. این داستان یکی از داستان های قوم ایرانی یغناب در کشور جمهوری تاجیکستان است.

Рахно Константин. Жир и жирные времена: об одном символе в «Слове о полку Игореве» // Studia mythologica slavica. – Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovani center Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, Inštitut za slovensko narodopisje, Ljubljana, Slovenija; Università degli Studi di Udine, Dipartamento di Lingue e Civiltà dell’ Europa Centro-Orientale, Udine, Italia, 2016. – T. XIX. – С. 93-121.

This article deals with one symbolic concept in the Tale of Igor's Campaign – fat and gold. Fat, which Prince Igor let sink to the bottom of the Kayala, was not simply an abundance, and the fat times, scared away by the Maiden Wrong, were not just the rich ones. They are connected with the Iranian mythological beliefs. The Ossetians believed that the earth used to secrete a certain peculiar nutritious fat far in the past, but these blessed times came to the end because of some events and the activities of certain epic heroes. Such ideas are reflected in the Ossetic Nart epos and superstitions. Their traces are present in the Ruthenian chronicles. The falcon symbols of the poem also have Iranian roots and are connected with the notions of royal khvarenah among the Scythians and other Iranian peoples.

Keywords: Alexander’s army, conquest, Iranians, Achaemenids, Media, Parthia

Abstract

The first Iranian units enlisted in Alexander’s army were the cavalry detachments formed in Media; one of them, consisting of Iranian aristocrats, was sent to Arachosia in the autumn of 330. Another cavalry unit, supporting Alexander’s generals in Media, was probably established by the satrap of the country Oxydates. Recruitment of Iranians for Alexander’s army reached large proportions when the king established the hippakontistai division in 330.