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PZM21

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PZM21
Identifiers
  • 1-[(2S)-2-(Dimethylamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-3-[(2S)-1-(thiophen-3-yl)propan-2-yl]urea
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H27N3O2S
Molar mass361.50 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C(N[C@H](CC1=CSC=C1)C)NC[C@H](CC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)N(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C19H27N3O2S/c1-14(10-16-8-9-25-13-16)21-19(24)20-12-17(22(2)3)11-15-4-6-18(23)7-5-15/h4-9,13-14,17,23H,10-12H2,1-3H3,(H2,20,21,24)/t14-,17-/m0/s1
  • Key:MEDBIJOVZJEMBI-YOEHRIQHSA-N

PZM21 is an experimental opioid analgesic drug that is being researched for the treatment of pain.[1] It is claimed to be a functionally selective μ-opioid receptor agonist which produces μ-opioid receptor mediated G protein signaling, with potency and efficacy similar to morphine, but with less β-arrestin 2 recruitment.[2] However, recent reports highlight that this might be due to its low intrinsic efficacy,[3] rather than functional selectivity or 'G protein bias' as initially reported. In tests on mice, PZM21 was slightly less potent than morphine or TRV130 as an analgesic, but also had significantly reduced adverse effects, with less constipation than morphine, and very little respiratory depression, even at high doses.[4] This research was described as a compelling example of how modern high-throughput screening techniques can be used to discover new chemotypes with specific activity profiles, even at targets such as the μ-opioid receptor which have already been thoroughly investigated.[5] More recent research has suggested however that at higher doses, PZM21 is capable of producing classic opioid side effects such as respiratory depression and development of tolerance and may have only limited functional selectivity.[6] A number of derivatives have subsequently been developed using PZM21 as a parent compound,[7][8][9][10] and it has become an important tool compound for studying biased mu opioid agonists with reduced abuse liability.[11][12]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Kostic M (September 2016). "Biasing Opioid Receptors and Cholesterol as a Player in Developmental Biology". Cell Chemical Biology. 23 (9): 1039–1040. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.09.007. PMID 27662248.
  2. ↑ Manglik A, Lin H, Aryal DK, McCorvy JD, Dengler D, Corder G, et al. (September 2016). "Structure-based discovery of opioid analgesics with reduced side effects". Nature. 537 (7619): 185–190. Bibcode:2016Natur.537..185M. doi:10.1038/nature19112. PMC 5161585. PMID 27533032.
  3. ↑ Gillis A, Gondin AB, Kliewer A, Sanchez J, Lim HD, Alamein C, et al. (March 2020). "Low intrinsic efficacy for G protein activation can explain the improved side effect profiles of new opioid agonists". Science Signaling. 13 (625) eaaz3140. doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaz3140. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_81586. PMID 32234959. S2CID 214771721.
  4. ↑ Manglik A, Lin H, Aryal DK, McCorvy JD, Dengler D, Corder G, et al. (September 2016). "Structure-based discovery of opioid analgesics with reduced side effects". Nature. 537 (7619): 185–190. Bibcode:2016Natur.537..185M. doi:10.1038/nature19112. PMC 5161585. PMID 27533032.
  5. ↑ Kieffer BL (September 2016). "Drug discovery: Designing the ideal opioid". Nature. 537 (7619): 170–171. Bibcode:2016Natur.537..170K. doi:10.1038/nature19424. PMID 27533037.
  6. ↑ Hill R, Disney A, Conibear A, Sutcliffe K, Dewey W, Husbands S, et al. (July 2018). "The novel μ-opioid receptor agonist PZM21 depresses respiration and induces tolerance to antinociception". British Journal of Pharmacology. 175 (13): 2653–2661. doi:10.1111/bph.14224. PMC 6003631. PMID 29582414.
  7. ↑ Huang KH, Morato NM, Feng Y, Cooks RG. High-Throughput Diversification of Complex Bioactive Molecules by Accelerated Synthesis in Microdroplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023 May 22;62(22):e202300956. doi:10.1002/anie.202300956 PMID 36941213
  8. ↑ Nerurkar A, Nguyen T, Wang S, Bhatt U, Li K, Li Y, Ding P, Seidl FJ, Holan M, Lee J, Widjaja T, Wei ZL, Sadlowski C, Sperandio D, McGee LR, Youngblood B, Schwartz N, Gehlert D, Medina JC. Novel series of tunable µOR modulators with enhanced brain penetration for the treatment of opioid use disorder, pain and neuropsychiatric indications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2023 Aug 15;92:129405. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129405 PMID 37414346
  9. ↑ Zhu LH, Mao HH, He M, Cui ZY, Zhu QH, Gu HF, Xu YG. Discovery of cyanoguanidine derivatives as biased μ-opioid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem. 2024 Nov 15;114:117943. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117943 PMID 39442489
  10. ↑ Guo Y, Yu R, Zhang T, Ren F, Yu Z, Cheng J, Jia H, Shi W, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Biased Mu-Opioid Receptor Agonists. Molecules. 2024 Jun 21;29(13):2961. doi:10.3390/molecules29132961 PMID 38998913
  11. ↑ Ju J, Li Z, Liu J, Peng X, Gao F. Biased Opioid Receptor Agonists: Balancing Analgesic Efficacy and Side-Effect Profiles. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Feb 21;26(5):1862. doi:10.3390/ijms26051862 PMID 40076488
  12. ↑ Liu X, Song Q, Wang S, Hou R, Jia H, Zhang Z, Liang Y. Therapeutic potential of biased μ-opioid receptor agonists for delaying opioid tolerance in chronic pain management. Neurochem Int. 2026 Jun;196:106162. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2026.106162 PMID 42031206


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