close
Idi na sadržaj

Fatah

S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije
Palestinski nacionalni oslobodilački pokret

حركة التحرير الوطني الفلسطيني
Image
SkraćenicaFatah
PredsjedavajućiMahmoud Abbas
Generalni sekretarJibril Rajoub
Osnivač(i)
Osnovana1959. (1959) (kao politički pokret)
1965. (1965) (kao stranka)[1]
Sloganarapski: يا جبل ما يهزك ريح
(O planino, nijedan vjetar te ne može pokolebati)
arapski: ثورة حتى النصر
(Revolucija do pobjede)
SjedišteRamallah, Zapadna obala
Mladi ogranakFatahova omladina
Politička pozicijaCentar[a] do Lijevi centar[b]
Ideologija
Nacionalno članstvoPalestinska oslobodilačka organizacija
Evropsko članstvoStranka europskih socijalista
Kontinentalno članstvoProgresivni savez
Socijalistička Internacionala
Međunarodno članstvoProgresivni savez
Socijalistička Internacionala
Oružano kriloOluja
Brigade šehida Al-Aqse
Boje  Žuta
Veb-sajt
link

Fatah (arapski: فتح, formalno Palestinski nacionalni oslobodilački pokret (arapski: حرير٪ةرير الوطني الفلسطيني),[29] je palestinska nacionalistička i socijaldemokratska politička stranka. To je najveća frakcija konfederirane višestranačke Palestinske oslobodilačke organizacije (PLO) i druga po veličini stranka u Palestinskom zakonodavnom vijeću (PLC). Mahmoud Abbas, predsjednik palestinskih vlasti, je predsjedavajući Fataha.

Fatah je historijski bio uključen u oružanu borbu protiv države Izrael (kao i Jordana tokom sukoba u Crnom septembru 1970-1971) i održavao je niz militantnih grupa,[30] koje su izvodile napade na vojne ciljeve, kao i na izraelske civile, posebno uključujući masakr na Masakr na obalnom putu 1978, iako se grupa povukla iz oružanog sukoba protiv Izraela u vrijeme Sporazuma iz Osla, kada priznala je Izrael, što mu je dalo ograničenu kontrolu nad okupiranim palestinskim teritorijama. Tokom Druge intifade (2000-2005), Fatah je intenzivirao oružani sukob protiv Izraela, preuzimajući odgovornost za brojne samoubilačke napade. Fatah je bio blisko identificiran sa rukovodstvom njegovog osnivača i predsjedavajućeg, Yassera Arafata, sve do njegove smrti 2004, kada ga je Faruk Kaddoumi ustavno naslijedio na mjestu predsjedavajućeg Fataha i ostao na toj poziciji do 2009, kada je Abas izabran za predsjedavajućeg. Od Arafatove smrti, frakcionizam unutar ideološki raznolikog pokreta postao je očigledniji.

Na izborima 2006. za Palestinskom zakonodavnom vijeću, stranka je izgubila većinu od Hamasa. Hamasova zakonodavna pobjeda dovela je do sukoba između Fataha i Hamasa, pri čemu je Fatah zadržao kontrolu nad Palestinskom nacionalnom upravom na Zapadnoj obali preko svog predsjednika. Fatah je također aktivan u kontroli palestinskih izbjegličkih kampova.[31][32]

Ideologija

[uredi | uredi izvor]

Fatah ima status člana Socijalističke internacionale[33] i status posmatrača unutar Partije evropskih socijalista.[34]

Izdanje Fatahovog podzemnog časopisa Filastinuna Nida al-Hayat iz novembra 1959. ukazivalo je na to da je pokret motivisan statusom palestinskih izbjeglica u arapskom svijetu:

Mladi katastrofe (shibab al-nakba) su raspršeni... Život u šatoru je postao bijedan kao smrt... [Umrijeti] za našu voljenu Domovinu je bolje i časnije od života, koji nas prisiljava da jedemo svoj svakodnevni hljeb pod poniženjima ili da ga primamo kao milostinju po cijenu naše časti... Mi, sinovi katastrofe, više nismo spremni živjeti ovaj prljavi, prezreni život, ovaj život koji je uništio naše kulturno, moralno i političko postojanje i uništio naše ljudsko dostojanstvo.[35]

Oružana borba – kakva se manifestovala u arapskom ustanku u Palestini 1936–1939. i vojnoj ulozi palestinskih boraca pod vođstvom Abd al-Qadira al-Husaynija u Arapsko–Izraelskom ratu 1948. bila je ključna za Fatahovu početnu ideologiju o tome kako osloboditi Palestinu.[36]

Bilješke

[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference

[uredi | uredi izvor]
  1. ↑ "مفوضية التعبئة والتنظيم - فصائل منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية". Fatehorg.ps. Arhivirano s originala, 26. 1. 2016. Pristupljeno 25. 4. 2013.
  2. ↑ Colin P. Clarke, ured. (2018). Terrorism. The PLO is comprised of [sic] centrist-nationalist groups (such as al-Fatah), rightist groups, leftist groups (including communists), militant groups, and nonmilitant groups.
  3. ↑ Christina, Rachel (2006). Tend the Olive, Water the Vine: Globalization and the Negotiation of Early Childhood in Palestine. IAP-Information. str. xxi. ISBN 9781607525592. A Palestinian organization, affiliated with the centrist Fatah movement, which filtered funds from the Palestinian diaspora back into social services in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
  4. ↑ Marshall Breger; Yitzhak Reiter; Leonard Hammer, ured. (2013). Sacred Space in Israel and Palestine: Religion and Politics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781136490330. Even Fatah (the centrist party of the Palestine Liberation Organization led by Yasser Arafat), which had supported Hamas's Gazan campaign against the Communist Party and the Popular and Democratic Fronts, suffered the onslaughts of the movement just prior to the outbreak of the Intifada.
  5. ↑ Halabi, Yakub (2016). Democratic Peace Across the Middle East: Islam and Political Modernisation. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9780857728821. The failure of the Palestinian left in consolidating a counterweight to the right-wing Islamic Hamas or to the centrist Fatah, furthermore, left Palestinian voters with no viable alternative to Hamas or Fatah.
  6. ↑ Avi Tuschman, ured. (3. 9. 2013). Our Political Nature: The Evolutionary Origins of What Divides Us. Prometheus Books. str. 53. ISBN 9781616148249. On the Muslim Palestinian side, respondents with the lowest scores sup- ported left-wing parties; intermediate scorers supported the centrist Fatah party; and those who scored highest supported Hamas and Islamic Jihad (which have "destroy Israel" ideologies).
  7. ↑ Youssef H., Aboul-Enein, ured. (2011). Militant Islamist Ideology: Understanding the Global Threat. Naval Institute Press. str. 230. ISBN 9781317755098. Fatah is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine liberation Organization (PlO), a multiparty confederation. in Palestinian politics, it is on the center-left of the spectrum.
  8. ↑ Jeffrey Ian Ross, ured. (4. 3. 2015). "center-left"+"Fatah"&pg=PT73 Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317461081. The Brigades originated from Fatah (Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini, or Movement of Liberation of the Nation of the Palestinians), a secular nationalist party of center-left and the oldest and largest organization of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
  9. ↑ Youssef Aboul-Enein; Youssef H.; Aboul-Enein, ured. (15. 1. 2011). Militant Islamist Ideology: Understanding the Global Threat. Naval Institute Press. str. 230. ISBN 9781612510156. Fatah is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a multiparty confederation. In Palestinian politics, it is on the center-left of the spectrum.
  10. ↑ Muqtedar Khan (12. 11. 2004). "Yasser Arafat's Unfinished Saga". Brookings Institution. Pristupljeno 26. 7. 2025. The emergence of the Islamic movement as an alternative to his more or less center-left secular Fatah movement has divided the Palestinian people and their aspirations.
  11. ↑ "Jailed Fatah leader Barghouti: Gaza war was victory for Palestinians". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. 18. 9. 2014. Pristupljeno 3. 7. 2015.
  12. ↑ Wienthal, Benjamin. "German Jews slam party for working with Fatah". The Jerusalem Post. Pristupljeno 2. 5. 2016. [Sigmar Gabriel] added that Fatah was part of the values of social democracy and was represented in the European coalition of social democrats as an observer partner.
  13. ↑ "Only 6% of Gazans now want Hamas to continue operations after war with Israel ends: Poll". Firstpost. 3. 3. 2025. Pristupljeno 26. 7. 2025. Following the ceasefire, support for Fatah, a Palestinian nationalist and social democratic political party, rose by 12 percentage points, as per the poll
  14. ↑ [12][13]
  15. ↑ Ulrika Möller, Isabell Schierenbeck, ured. (2014). Political Leadership, Nascent Statehood and Democracy: A comparative study. Routledge. str. 139. ISBN 9781317673101. Hamas' rejection of secularism and implicit contempt of 'territorial' nationalism challenged the Palestinian narrative as defined by Fatah and PLO [...] Thus, Arafat kept the secular, albeit expressed rhetorically with Islamic (and occasionally Christian) connotations, vision of the state project.
  16. ↑ Yonah Alexander, ured. (2021). Palestinian Secular Terrorism: Profiles of Fatah, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command, and Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. BRILL.
  17. ↑ [15][16]
  18. ↑ Committee, United States Congress House Internal Security (1974). Terrorism, a Staff Study Prepared by ..., August 1, 1974 (jezik: engleski). str. 34. Al Fatah is a nationalist, pan-Arab movement...
  19. ↑ Ora Szekely, ured. (2016). The Politics of Militant Group Survival in the Middle East: Resources, Relationships, and Resistance. Springer International Publishing. str. 54. To balance against their rivals, the Gulf states tended to back the comparatively conservative Fatah.
  20. ↑ "The Left Has Played a Key Role in the Palestinian Struggle". Jacobin. 2. 7. 2024. Pristupljeno 18. 10. 2025. Today’s absence of a progressive option between two conservative nationalist parties, Fatah and Hamas, contributes to the impasse that Palestinians face in terms of political initiative.
  21. ↑ Høigilt, Jacob (7. 12. 2015). "Fatah from Below: The Clash of Generations in Palestine". Taylor & Francis Online. doi:10.1080/13530194.2015.1116375.
  22. ↑ Robert O Freedman, ured. (9. 7. 2019). The Middle East Since Camp David. Taylor & Francis. By 1969 (the year Arafat assumed chairmanship of the PLO/EC and Fatah moved to unite the PLO) the corporate identities of the various groups were already becoming established. Groups like the PFLP and DFLP emerged as independent organizations with revolutionary/internationalist outlooks in contrast to Fatah's more conservative nationalism.
  23. ↑ [19][20][21][22]
  24. ↑ "Rewriting history, Abbas calls Israel a 'colonial project' unrelated to Judaism". The Times of Israel.
  25. ↑ Ely Karmon, ured. (juni 2005). Coalitions Between Terrorist Organizations: Revolutionaries, Nationalists and Islamists. Brill. str. 291. ISBN 9789047407386. Fatah's affiliation with the anti-imperialist Third World movement was far more concrete and enduring than ETA's brief flirtation with the idea of tercermundismo.
  26. ↑ [24][25]
  27. ↑ "Fatah spokesperson talks about the potential for a two-state solution in Palestine". NPR. 22. 9. 2025. Pristupljeno 18. 10. 2025.
  28. ↑ "Quién fue Yasser Arafat?". 17. 3. 2019.
  29. ↑ "Al-Zaytouna Centre". Alzaytouna.net. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 10. 2011. Pristupljeno 25. 4. 2013.
  30. ↑ Terrorism in Tel Aviv Time Friday, 13 Sep 1968
  31. ↑ "Palestinian Leader of Hezbollah-linked Ansar Allah leaves Lebanon to Syria". 7. 11. 2018.
  32. ↑ "Lebanese army deployed to Palestinian camp after Fatah-Ansar Allah clash". 26. 10. 2018.
  33. ↑ "Library". Socialist International.
  34. ↑ "PES member parties". Party of European Socialists. Arhivirano s originala, 3. 5. 2013. Pristupljeno 25. 4. 2013.
  35. ↑ Baumgarten 2005, str. 32.
  36. ↑ Aburish 1998, str. 41–90.

Dodatna literatura

[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vanjski linkovi

[uredi | uredi izvor]
Preuzeto iz "https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fatah&oldid=3828097"