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Kasai River

From Wikipedia
Kasai River
river, watercourse
Native labelKasai Edit
Mouth of the watercourseCongo River Edit
Drainage basinCongo Basin Edit
Basin countryDemocratic Republic of the Congo Edit
CountryAngola, Democratic Republic of the Congo Edit
Coordinate location10°57′37″S 19°18′56″E, 3°10′35″S 16°11′48″E Edit
De solid black line dey depict Stanley ein route.

De Kasai River (Swahili: Mto Kasai, French: Kasaï [ka.sa.i]; dem bell am Cassai for Angolan Portuguese insyd) be left bank tributary of de Congo River, wey dem locate am for Central Africa insyd.[1] De river dey begin for central Angola insyd den dey flow to de east until e dey reach de border between Angola den de Democratic Republic of de Congo, wey e dey turn north den dey serve as de border until e dey flow into de DRC. From Ilebo, between de confluences plus Lulua river den Sankuru river, de Kasai river dey turn to a westerly direction. De lower stretch of de river, from de confluence plus Fimi river until e dey join de Congo at Kwamouth northeast of Kinshasa, dem sanso know am as de Kwa(h) River.

De Kasai basin dey consist mainly of equatorial rainforest areas, wey dey provide an agricultural land for a region dem note give ein infertile, sandy soil insyd.[1] E be a tributary of Congo river den dem find diamonds for am insyd. Around 60% of diamonds for Belgium insyd go from Kasai river give dey cut den shape.

Discharge

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Kasai River multiannual average discharge at Lediba gauging station[2][3][4]
Period Average discharge (m3/s)
2012–2016 9,000
1948–2012 10,457
1950–1959 11,318
Kasai River multiannual average discharge at Kutu-Moke gauging station[2][5]
Period Average discharge (m3/s)
1948–2012 8,070
1950–1959 8,790
Kasai River multiannual average discharge at Ilebo gauging station[2][5]
Period Average discharge (m3/s)
1948–2012 2,079
1950–1959 2,240
Water discharge of de Kasai River at de Lediba (3°3′25.4556″S 16°32′55.0644″E) den Kutu-Moke (3°12′33.0516″S 17°20′42.4032″E) gauging station.
Year Lediba Kutu-

Moke

Average discharge

(m³/s)

2016 9,350
2015 8,090
2014 9,040
2013 9,520
2012 8,870 6,800
2011 7,940 6,093
2010 7,320 5,614
2009 8,820 6,764
2008 10,400 7,976
2007 13,180 10,110
2006 10,740 8,236
2005 9,017 6,917
2004 8,130 6,235
2003 11,520 8,837
2002 11,150 8,552
2001 9,290 7,125
2000 8,310 6,496
1999 7,030 5,463
1998 7,010 5,480
1997 9,800 7,659
1996 8,950 7,000
1995 7,620 5,960
1994 7,430 5,810
1993 8,580 6,705
1992 7,790 6,089
1991 10,410 8,136
1990 11,150 8,717
1989 12,810 9,988
1988 11,450 8,953
1987 11,120 8,694
1986 9,980 7,804
1985 9,550 7,463
1984 8,800 6,879
1983 10,340 8,084
1982 10,100 7,897
1981 9,500 7,427
1980 9,230 7,213
1979 11,710 9,153
1978 10,730 8,385
1977 12,450 9,731
1976 11,760 9,194
1975 10,720 8,383
1974 10,080 7,878
1973 9,970 7,796
1972 10,540 8,236
1971 11,360 8,880
1970 12,040 9,232
1969 13,020 9,986
1968 13,100 10,050
1967 11,510 8,832
1966 12,340 9,466
1965 10,970 8,417
1964 11,950 9,167
1963 11,960 9,173
1962 13,510 10,360
1961 12,440 9,543
1960 11,430 8,764
1959 9,960 7,638
1958 9,850 7,552
1957 11,810 9,060
1956 11,580 8,882
1955 11,360 8,717
1954 11,390 8,735
1953 10,220 7,837
1952 10,490 8,646
1951 11,260 8,640
1950 11,240 8,619
1949 11,560 8,870
1948 11,360 8,716
Notes:

Average minimum and maximum discharge: Lediba 5,000–20,000 m³/s (1932–1959), Kutu-Moke 4,400–11,600 m³/s (1932–1959)

Source:[5][6]

Exploration

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Henry Morton Stanley reach de confluence for 9 March 1877 top, wey e bell de river Nkutu, a "powerful den deep river", but dey recognize am as e dey originate from David Livingstone ein Kwango.[7]: Vol.Two, 252 

Tributaries

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De Kasai ein main tributaries upstream from de confluence plus de Congo:[8]

  • Fimi (right – Fimi plus Lukenie 1,120 km)
  • Kwilu–Kwango (left – 1,702 km)
  • Loange (left – 865 km)
  • Sankuru (right – Sankuru–Lubilanji 1,280 km)
  • Lulua (right – 1,184 km)
  • Tshikapa (left – 630 km)
  • Longatshimo (left – 550 km)
  • Luembe (left – 780 km)
  • Lueta (right – 395 km)
De main tributaries from de mouth:
Left tributary Right tributary Length (km) Basin size (km2) Average discharge (m3/s)*
Kwa–Kasai 2,272 894,486.6 10,457.3
Kwa
Mbala 57.5 1,100.1 14.9
Fimi ¹ 1,120 136,174.7 2,252.9
Lower Kasai
Lekulu 57.5 793.5 9.3
Buma 138 3,354.7 42.3
Kwango 1,702 270,904.3 3,317.4
Kamtsha 250 8,887.4 106.4
Piopio 165 3,169.1 34.8
Liau 1,231.6 14.4
Lubue 227 8,611.7 103.5
Loange 865 41,799.5 489.1
Middle Kasai
Lumbudji 137 2,876.8 25.4
Lubudi 153 1,999.2 17
Sankuru ² 1,280 149,479.5 1,738.1
Lutshuadi 177 4,596.5 39.2
Lulua 1,184 70,612.5 798
Upper Kasai
Yeye 47 1,379.3 8.9
Kabambaie 77 2,083.7 10.8
Lovua 297 8,262.4 73.9
Tshikapa 630 19,512.1 179.5
Longatshimo 550 19,847.3 198.5
Luenda 69 1,791.4 10.1
Luembe 780 46,648.8 453.4
Lueta (Kaungej) 395 13,000.1 87.6
Kasangeshi 206 3,610.2 22.1
Luele 1,173.3 7.9
Dembo 87 1,924.8 13.1
Luau 105 4,294.4 38.5
Lualo 1,532.8 14.6
Lutshima 166 1,616.6 11.5
Munyango 3,133.1 20.9
Notes:

* Period: 1948–2012; ¹ Fimi–Lukenie;

² Sankuru–Lubulanji;

Source:[9][8]

Economic importance

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De tributaries of River Kasai dey clear of obstacles like cataracts den river weed, wey dey make'em very navigable. Dem facilitate de transport sector den form an important trade artery. De river ein role for transport den trade insyd be more prominent during de pre-colonial period wen de slave trade dey legal. Slave traders use one of ein major tributaries, de Kwango River, to navigate de equatorial rain forest, capture slaves den find demma way back to de Atlantic Ocean wey dem dock demma ships. E be greatly controversial dat sam of de local kingdoms dat dey along de Kasai River support de slave trade. De Rund kingdom for instance, readily provide slaves give de most notorious slave traders like John Matthews, wey dem well know am British slave vendor. Dem activities, though dem occur between de 18th den 19th centuries, lef a lasting impact for de regions insyd wey dem be most prominent, such as between de Kwango den de Kwilu rivers. De population never recover fully, plus de population density lower dan dat of areas dat no experience de slave trade. De most probable trigger to British den Portuguese great interests for de Kasai River insyd be de presence of alluvial diamonds wey dey lie for rich deposit beds insyd, especially at de river ein mouth. More deposits dey lie along de beds of a major tributary, de Kwango River. In fact, e be common to hear de phrase “de diamond heartland of North Eastern Angola” wey dem use for reference to de Kwango River valley insyd. Dis be sekof de diamond alluvial beds wey dem find for dis region insyd be de richest for Angola insyd.

References

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  1. 1 2 Broadhead, Susan (1992). Historical dictionary of Angola. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press. p. 99. ISBN 0585070091.
  2. 1 2 3 Zaire (PDF) (Report). BGS, British Geological Survey.
  3. ↑ Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. Bibcode:2018IJAEO..66..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  4. ↑ Dr. Raphael, M. Tshimanga (2019). "Centre de Recherche en Ressources en Eau du Bassin du Congo".
  5. 1 2 3 Laraque, Alain; Moukandi N’kaya, Guy D. (2020). "Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa". Water. 12 (9): 2613. Bibcode:2020Water..12.2613L. doi:10.3390/w12092613.
  6. ↑ Sly, Wongchuig; Benjamin, Kitambo; Fabrice, Papa; Adrien, Paris; Ayan Santos, Fleischmann; Laetitia, Gal; Julien, Boucharel; Rodrigo, Paiva; Romulo Jucá, Oliveira; Raphael M., Tshimanga; Stéphane, Calmant (2023). "Improved modeling of Congo's hydrology for floods and droughts analysis and ENSO teleconnections" (PDF). Regional Studies. 50 101563: 21. Bibcode:2023JHyRS..5001563W. doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101563.
  7. ↑ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN 0486256677, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685
  8. 1 2 "Le cours de la rivière Kasaï".
  9. ↑ Eric, Tilman. "Congo River".
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