Voiced uvular plosive
| Voiced uvular plosive | |
|---|---|
| ɢ | |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | G\ |
The voiced uvular stop is a sound used in some spoken languages. The letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɢ⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter g. It is not in English.
Characteristics
[change | change source]- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is uvular. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
- It is an oral consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
Examples
[change | change source]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | Sudanese | بقرة | [bɑɢɑrɑ] | 'cow' | Corresponds to /q/ in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology |
| Yemeni[1] | قات | ⓘ | 'Khat' | Some dialects.[1] Corresponds to /q/ in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology | |
| English | Australian[2] | gaudy | [ˈɡ̠oːɾi] | 'gaudy' | Pre-uvular; allophone of /ɡ/ before /ʊ oː ɔ oɪ ʊə/.[2] See Australian English phonology |
| Low German | Rügen dialect | lang | [la̱ɴɢ̥] | 'long' | |
| Ket[3] | báŋquk | [baŋ˩˧ɢuk˧˩] | 'cave in the ground' |
Allophone of /q/ after /ŋ/.[3] | |
| Kwak'wala | ǥilakas'la | [ɢilakasʔla] | 'thank you' | ||
| Lishan Didan | Urmi Dialect | בקא/baqqa | [baɢːɑ] | 'frog' | Allophone of /q/ when between a vowel/sonorant and a vowel. |
| Malto | तेंग़े | [t̪eɴɢe] | 'to tell' | Allophone of /ʁ/ after /ŋ/, /ʁ, ŋʁ/ is /h/ in Southern and Western dialects. See Malto language#Phonology. | |
| Mongolian | Монгол ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ | [mɔɴɢɔ̆ɮ] | 'Mongolian' | Allophone of /g/ before back vowels, phonemic word-finally. | |
| Nivkh | ньыӈ ӷан | [ɲɤŋ ɢæn] | 'our dog' | Allophone of /q/ | |
| Persian | Iranian | قهوه | [ɢæhˈve] | 'coffee' | See Persian phonology. |
| Somali | Muqdisho | [muɢdiʃɔ] | 'Mogadishu' | Allophone of /q/. See Somali phonology | |
| Tabasaran | дугу | [d̪uɢu] | 'he' (ergative) | ||
| Tsakhur | къгяйэ | [ɢajɛ] | 'stone' | ||
| Turkmen | gar | [ɢɑɾ] | 'snow' | An allophone of /ɡ/ next to back vowels | |
| Xumi | Lower[4] | [ɢʶo˩˥] | 'to stew' | Slightly affricated; occurs only in a few words.[5] Corresponds to the cluster /Nɡ/ in Upper Xumi.[6] | |
Pre-uvular
[change | change source]| Voiced pre-uvular plosive | |
|---|---|
| ɢ̟ | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | G\_+ |
A voiced pre-uvular plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɢ̟⟩.
Examples
[change | change source]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Australian[2] | gaudy | [ˈɡ̠oːɾi] | 'gaudy' | Pre-uvular; allophone of /ɡ/ before /ʊ oː ɔ oɪ ʊə/.[2] See Australian English phonology |
| Yanyuwa[7] | kuykurlu | [ɡ̠uɡ̟uɭu] | 'sacred' | Pre-uvular.[7] Contrasts plain and prenasalized versions | |
References
[change | change source]- 1 2 Watson (2002), p. 13.
- 1 2 3 4 Mannell, Cox & Harrington (2009).
- 1 2 Georg (2007), pp. 49, 67 and 77.
- ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
- ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365–366.
- ↑ Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 383, 387.
- 1 2 Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), pp. 34–35.
