- I am an archaeologist, I study the cultures of the Saka era in Central Asia and other aspects related to them. The ma... moreI am an archaeologist, I study the cultures of the Saka era in Central Asia and other aspects related to them. The main theme is Central Kazakhstan, tasmola culture (8-5 centuries BC). Archaeological excavations and searches have been conducted for over 30 years.edit
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Graphic monuments of the Central Kazakhstan presented by the subjects of small plasticity and received during long-term history of archaeological studying of the region are analyzed in the article. The reasons for carrying out this... more
Graphic monuments of the Central Kazakhstan presented by the subjects of small plasticity and received during long-term history of archaeological studying of the region are analyzed in the article. The reasons for carrying out this research were new findings in the elite barrows of Saryarka: Taldy-2, Sherubay, Karashoky, analogies to which are found in a number of synchronous complexes of Kazakhstan and Central Asia — Zhalauly, Shilikty, Tagisken, Kichigino, Arzhan-2. Studying the subjects of art culture allows to reveal favorite animalistic images of the ancient nomads in the region, gives an opportunity to research the stylistic techniques, analyze the principles of composition creations, techniques of making jewelry, and also to plan vectors of the communications which took place among nomads in 1 millennium BC. Nowadays the developments on studying of the ancient art are reliable sources in questions of defining the dates, problems of culture interaction as in previous time, arc...
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Приводятся данные изучения кургана раннесакского времени Койтас в Центральном Казахстане.
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На археологическом памятнике Абылай (Казахский мелкосопочник, 49.15° с.ш., 75.07° в.д.) позднего голоцена (субатлантический период 1) найден зуб m3 крупного быка (Bos). Длина зуба 47.3 мм. Проведено сравнение его размеров с размерами... more
На археологическом памятнике Абылай (Казахский мелкосопочник, 49.15° с.ш., 75.07° в.д.) позднего голоцена (субатлантический период 1) найден зуб m3 крупного быка (Bos). Длина зуба 47.3 мм. Проведено сравнение его размеров с размерами аналогичных зубов голоценового тура (Bos primigenius) Европы и крупного рогатого скота (Bos taurus) Восточной Европы и Западной Сибири середины среднего и позднего голоцена (суббореальный и субатлантический периоды, энеолит, бронзовый век, ранний железный век, средневековье). Установлено, что размеры зуба из Абылая заметно больше размеров зубов крупного рогатого скота и соответствуют размерам зубов тура. На основании этого сделан вывод о принадлежности зуба туру. В районе Казахского мелкосопочника тур обитал в позднем голоцене (SA1). Это последний район обитания тура в Азии.
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According to available archaeological materials, there is no earthenware pottery in the Tasmola graves. This feature of the funeral rite was specifically noted in early publications of materials belonging to this culture discovered in... more
According to available archaeological materials, there is no earthenware pottery in the Tasmola graves. This feature of the funeral rite was specifically noted in early publications of materials belonging to this culture discovered in 1966. In the 21 st century, the available sources of the material significantly expanded, new categories of monuments, including the kurgans of the elite and settlements were discovered. The increased interest in Tasmola ceramics can be explained by the fact that some ceramics were found in the new mounds, and the possibility of comparing them with pottery from earlier settlements arose. New studies have confirmed the absence of earthenware pottery in the graves. At the same time, available data on "kurgan ceramics" are currently increasing. Occasionally whole vessels but more often their fragments were found in the course of excavations in the upper part of the kurgan. This situation is typical for the burial sites of the early Saka time of the Sayano-Altai. period, where fragments of earthenware pottery were also found in the upper part of the structure. The report presents the results of a technical and technological analysis of ceramics from the two kurgans of the Tasmola culture. Sixteen fragments belonging to 8 vessels were found in kurgan 1 of the Kyzylzhartas burial ground. There were 40 fragments from 7 vessels in kurgan 1 of the burial ground Karazhartas-2. Both burial grounds are located at a distance of 2.6 km from each other on the territory of the Shet district of the Karaganda region. The studied burial mounds date back to the 7 th-5 th centuries BC. According to external features, the ceramics from the two burial mounds are very close to each other. The results of technical and technological analysis showed that, in terms of manufacturing methods, this ceramics is similar to pottery from the settlements of Central Kazakhstan.
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The article is devoted to an overview of the results of new studies of the Saka era settlements discovered in the eastern regions of Central Kazakhstan. The source base of modern research was made up of over 70 settlements found over the... more
The article is devoted to an overview of the results of new studies of the Saka era settlements discovered in the eastern regions of Central Kazakhstan. The source base of modern research was made up of over 70 settlements found over the past 20 years. The author attributes these settlements to the tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan and dates them within the framework of the 8th — 5th centuries BC. Archaeozoological, traceological, and carpological analyzes are being carried out based on the materials from the excavations of the Kulzhan-1 and Abylai settlements and other sites carried out in recent years. According to the author, the settlements of Central Kazakhstan of the Saka era were the winter habitats of the tribes of the Tasmola culture. Materials from over 50 Kazakh wintering sites make it possible to draw ethnographic data. A comparative study of these sites has shown that the topography of the Kazakh wintering grounds and Saka settlements coincide. Keywords: Central Kaz...
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The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the... more
The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules.
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The report introduces study materials of new kurgans dating back to the early Iron Age of Central Kazakhstan. Monuments are located in the eastern part of the Karaganda region. Geographically, this territory is part of the Kazakh Upland’s... more
The report introduces study materials of new kurgans dating back to the early Iron Age of Central Kazakhstan. Monuments are located in the eastern part of the Karaganda region. Geographically, this territory is part of the Kazakh Upland’s eastern region. In three cemeteries located at the area of Mount Aiyrtas, 8 kurgans were excavated. Mounds of 5–13 m in diameter and 0.2–1.2 m tall are built of earth and stone. Eachmound contains one grave. Dead bodies are placed head to the northwest. Despite the fact the kurgans were heavily robbed, the data about the funeral rite demonstrate important aspects of the of the ancient population culture of this region, as well as the found objects do. According to archaeological data, the monuments belong to the Tasmola culture of the Saka tribes time period. The materials obtained indicate that representatives of the ordinary population are buried at the studied sites. Monuments are dating back to VII–V centuries BC. The study of monuments left by...
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The Late Bronze Age in central Kazakhstan may be considered an incubation time for significant social and political changes that would soon transpire with the coming of the Early Iron Age. In seeking material evidence that might predict... more
The Late Bronze Age in central Kazakhstan may be considered an incubation time for significant social and political changes that would soon transpire with the coming of the Early Iron Age. In seeking material evidence that might predict the imminence of such changes, differences in technology and artifact makeup were noted in the visual and microscopic investigation of local LBA bronze assemblages separated in time by one to three centuries. During this period, tin alloying in copper became more prominent while there was growing dependence on casting for fabrication. This change in technology apparently came with the increasing demand for weapons and decorative items, signifying the emergence of conflicts and social differentiation. No evidence was noted, however, of the fabrication of the metallic horse harness or of the use of lead or arsenic in copper alloys. The diachronic differences, clearly visible when viewing the LBA bronze assemblages in comparative perspectives, indicate that the emergence of conspicuous technological and social transformations at the turn of the EIA era could be regarded as an intensification of the changes already in progress in central Kazakhstan during the LBA period.
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A bronze assemblage consisting of weapons, tools, ornaments, and horse furnishings from many Early Iron Age (EIA) sites of Central Kazakhstan was examined for microstructure and chemical compositions. All of the objects under... more
A bronze assemblage consisting of weapons, tools, ornaments, and horse furnishings from many Early Iron Age (EIA) sites of Central Kazakhstan was examined for microstructure and chemical compositions. All of the objects under investigation were made of copper alloys with the addition of either tin or arsenic or both, but no lead. Tin served as the preferred alloying element for making key functional and prestige items as opposed to arsenic primarily in service to meet a large demand for various horse trappings. Strong evidence has been found of a new method implemented for the mass production of copper alloys containing up to approximately 10% arsenic based on mass. This high arsenic technology was apparently introduced in keeping with the increased demand for bronze, particularly in horse-related objects, as a means to spare costly tin for use in making more important objects in functional and social perspectives. The use of arsenic in this case is indicative of significant technological and social transformations occurring in Central Asian EIA communities. We will present a detailed account of the analytical results to propose that these changes signified the establishment of mature mobility-based societies in the steppes that encompassed more people and larger territories within a setting of enhanced conflicts and social stratification.
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Abstract Based on the archeological materials, specialists have concluded that, in the age of Saka, a large Tasmola,historical and cultural community existed on the territory of Central, North Kazakhstan and steppe part of the... more
Abstract Based on the archeological materials, specialists have concluded that, in the age of Saka, a large Tasmola,historical and cultural community existed on the territory of Central, North Kazakhstan and steppe part of the southernUral. The core of this community was the tribes living in Central Kazakhstan. The Tasmola culture was revealed bymaterials of 1950-1960, was localized at that region. Over the last 15 years, the authors have been obtaining new dataon peculiarities of the tombs arrangement, which was unknown before. The paper considered dromos burials of Tasmolaculture which were excavated by the authors on the territory of Karaganda region. Dromos tombs, in most cases, wereattributable to burials of the elite. The elite burials were also distinguished by stone constructions above a tomb.
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Research Interests: Archaeology, Stable Isotope Analysis, Eurasian Nomads, Biology, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), and 10 morePalaeodiet, Central Asia, History of Kazakhstan, Iron Age, Papers, Early Iron Age, Bronze Age, Scythian and other Eurasian Nomadic Horse Warrior Cultures, Scythian and Other Eurasian Nomadic Horse Warrior Cultures, and Archaeology of Kazakhstan
The Early Iron Age nomadic Scythians have been described as a confederation of tribes of different origins, based on ancient DNA evidence [1-3]. It is still unclear how much of the Scythian dominance in the Eurasian Steppe was due to... more
The Early Iron Age nomadic Scythians have been described as a confederation of tribes of different origins, based on ancient DNA evidence [1-3]. It is still unclear how much of the Scythian dominance in the Eurasian Steppe was due to movements of people and how much reflected cultural diffusion and elite dominance. We present new whole-genome sequences of 31 ancient Western and Eastern Steppe individuals, including Scythians as well as samples pre- and postdating them, allowing us to set the Scythians in a temporal context (in the Western, i.e., Ponto-Caspian Steppe). We detect an increase of eastern (Altaian) affinity along with a decrease in eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG) ancestry in the Early Iron Age Ponto-Caspian gene pool at the start of the Scythian dominance. On the other hand, samples of the Chernyakhiv culture postdating the Scythians in Ukraine have a significantly higher proportion of Near Eastern ancestry than other samples of this study. Our results agree with the Gothic source of the Chernyakhiv culture and support the hypothesis that the Scythian dominance did involve a demic component.
Research Interests: Genetics, Archaeology, Biology, Ancient DNA Research, Medicine, and 15 moreIron Age, Biological Sciences, Early Iron Age, Mitochondrial DNA, Sarmatians, Genetica, Ancient DNA, Scythian and Other Eurasian Nomadic Horse Warrior Cultures, Scythian, Genomes, Chernyahov Culture, Chernyahiv culture, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Ancient genomics, and Medical and Health Sciences
For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the... more
For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century BC, forming the Hun traditions in the fourth-fifth century AD, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed th...
Research Interests: Genetics, Archaeology, Anthropology, Genomics, Central Asia, and 15 moreAncient DNA Research, Eurasian Prehistory, Early Iron Age, Europe, aDNA Analysis, Chechen, Ancient human genetics, Asia, Farmers, Grassland, Alans, Early Steppe Nomadic peoples migrations and social life, European Continental Ancestry Group, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, and Ancient Indo European Languages
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According to archaeological researches, in the early Saka period the steppe areasof Central, Northern Kazakhstan and the Southern Trans-Urals were inhabited by the tribes of the great Tasmola historical and cultural community. The tribes... more
According to archaeological researches, in the early Saka period the steppe areasof Central, Northern Kazakhstan and the Southern Trans-Urals were inhabited by the tribes of the great Tasmola historical and cultural community. The tribes of Central Kazakhstan constitute the core of this community. For the first time, Tasmola archaeological culture was discovered and described by M. K. Kadyrbaevin 1966. Today a significant amount of new data has been gathered, which allows us to expand our understanding of the peculiarities of that culture. The article presents an overview of the main content of new studies and publishes data on radiocarbon analyses, first obtained from the monuments of Tasmola culture. More than 60 analyses from the monuments of the Early Iron Age of Central Kazakhstan were made by A. Z. Beisenov in the Kiev radiocarbon laboratory (Kiev, Ukraine), in the laboratories of the Royal University of Belfast, (Northern Ireland, Great Britain), the Russian State Pedagogical...
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The article presents preliminary results of the study of the Tasmola culture burial mound. Its diameter is 37 m, the diameter of the ring fence is 56 m. Three stone statues lay under the mound, and one more was installed on the dromos. In... more
The article presents preliminary results of the study of the Tasmola culture burial mound. Its diameter is 37 m, the diameter of the ring fence is 56 m. Three stone statues lay under the mound, and one more was installed on the dromos. In ancient times, the burial place was plundered. In the grave, the remains of a man were found, laid with his head to the west-south-west. More than 300 small gold ornaments have been found below the knee joint. An iron ax weighing 1.7 kg was found near the grave pit. 16 fragments of handmade earthenware and a bronze awl were found under the mound. According to the author, three sculptures depict men, and the fourth - women. The finds, as well as the design and parameters of the mound, suggest that a representative of the Tasmola elite of society was buried here. The date of the mound is the 7th-5th centuries. BC.
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The main aim of this article is to describe and analyze the stone sculpture, discovered by the author and his colleagues in the course of archaeological exploration 2020 conducted on the territory of an old Kazakh cemetery Aumagan... more
The main aim of this article is to describe and analyze the stone sculpture, discovered by the author and his colleagues in the course of archaeological exploration 2020 conducted on the territory of an old Kazakh cemetery Aumagan containing a currently destroyed burial ground of the Tasmola culture. The stone sculpture was found in the northwest direction from the aforementioned burial ground at a distance of 83 meters. It is made of granite porphyry and has the following parameters: height-89 centimeters, width of the front surface-21-26.5 centimeters, width of the side surface-30 centimeters. The upper part (head) of the sculpture is artificially rounded. Its face is flat with two big eyes. Ears, nose and mouth are absent. The sculpture's head is separated from the body by a groove with a width of 7 centimeters and a depth of 1-1.5 centimeters. An important feature of the sculpture under study is a small, oval-shaped knot on top of its head. This element suggests its closeness to a range of other finds related to the Tasmola culture (the VIII-V centuries BC), which had been discovered earlier in Central Kazakhstan. According to the author, 27 stone sculptures of the Tasmola culture are known so far (including the one from the Aumagan cemetery). Based on analysis of these sculptures, it could be claimed that Tasmola men shaved their heads leaving just one strand of hair at the back. This hairstyle looks similar to a traditional Kazakh hairstyle called "aidar", which was typical for men of high status e.g. warriors. May be, representatives of the Tasmola culture had a similar tradition.
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For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the... more
For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century bc, forming the Hun traditions in the fourth–fifth century ad, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry.
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The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the... more
The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules.
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Даны результаты обследования остатков казахской зимовки.
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Tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan (8-5 centuries BC). There is now a lot of material on this culture. Many gold items were also found. But behind the rays of this gold, there are many unknown sides of the ancient people.
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Бүгінгі таңда қоныстар тақырыбында пәнаралық зерттеулердің маңызы зор.
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The complex was investigated, including a burial structure, 2 ridges ("mustaches"), a deer-stone and menhirs. Radiocarbon dates obtained in Great Britain (P.J. Reimer and S.V. Svyatko) allow the complex to be dated to the 10th-8th... more
The complex was investigated, including a burial structure, 2 ridges ("mustaches"), a deer-stone and menhirs. Radiocarbon dates obtained in Great Britain (P.J. Reimer and S.V. Svyatko) allow the complex to be dated to the 10th-8th centuries BC.
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Даны материалы новой серии курганов.
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На Акшокы находится зимовка, где жил Абай Кунанбаев со своей старшей женой Дильдой Алшинбаевой. Не имеет статуса памятника, разрушен, разрушается. Не изучен. Неподалеку расположено кладбище, где похоронен отец, Кунанбай Ускенбаев.... more
На Акшокы находится зимовка, где жил Абай Кунанбаев со своей старшей женой Дильдой Алшинбаевой. Не имеет статуса памятника, разрушен, разрушается. Не изучен. Неподалеку расположено кладбище, где похоронен отец, Кунанбай Ускенбаев. Состояние исторического кладбища в ненадлежащем виде. В сообщении даны результаты первой арахеологической рекогносцировки остатков зимнего аула Абая.
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В сообщении приведены материалы первого этапа исследования памятника. Его дата - X-VIII вв. до н.э.
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В альбоме представлены карандашные зарисовки Леонида Романовича Кызласова, участника полевых исследований ЦКАЭ 1948 г. Студент МГУ Леонид Кызласов приехал в Центральный Казахстан по личному приглашению Аликея Хакановича Маргулана. Выехав... more
В альбоме представлены карандашные зарисовки Леонида Романовича Кызласова, участника полевых исследований ЦКАЭ 1948 г. Студент МГУ Леонид Кызласов приехал в Центральный Казахстан по личному приглашению Аликея Хакановича Маргулана. Выехав из Алма-Аты на послевоенном грузовике они пересекли всю Бетпакдалу и прибыли на Улытау, после чего дальнейший маршрут пролегал на Бегазы. Увиденные во время этой поездки мазары, изваяния, могилы студент Кызласов заносил в небольшой "Альбом для рисования".
Издание посвящено 70-летию ЦКАЭ.
Издание посвящено 70-летию ЦКАЭ.
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Издание посвящено 70-летию Центрально-Казахстанской археологической экспедиции. Заказчик - Карагандинское областное управление культуры, профинансировавшее работы по созданию книги.
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Издание посвящено 70-летию Центрально-Казахстанской археологической экспедиции. Заказчик - Карагандинское областное управление культуры, профинансировавшее работы по созданию книги.
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В сборнике, посвященном памяти выдающегося казахского археолога К. А. Акишева, исследователя ярких и чрезвычайно интересных памятников раннего железного века казахских степей, открытие которых золотыми буквами вписано в анналы мировой... more
В сборнике, посвященном памяти выдающегося казахского археолога К. А. Акишева, исследователя ярких
и чрезвычайно интересных памятников раннего железного века казахских степей, открытие которых
золотыми буквами вписано в анналы мировой истории, представлены материалы специалистов из научно-
исследовательских центров 11 государств: Казахстана, России, Украины, Китая, Германии, Италии, США,
Кыргызстана, Румынии, Венгрии, Великобритании.
и чрезвычайно интересных памятников раннего железного века казахских степей, открытие которых
золотыми буквами вписано в анналы мировой истории, представлены материалы специалистов из научно-
исследовательских центров 11 государств: Казахстана, России, Украины, Китая, Германии, Италии, США,
Кыргызстана, Румынии, Венгрии, Великобритании.
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Опубликованы тексты докладов по раннему железному веку.
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В книге обобщены ранее полученные материалы по Жетысу (Семиречье) и Южному Казахстану. Выделена буйенская культура эпохи поздней бронзы Жетысу.
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Книга известного археолога И.В.Рудковского, много лет работавшего в Центральном Казахстане, написана на основе большого объема источников.
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Публикуются статьи по раннему железному веку. Книга посвящена 75-летию казахского археолога Бекмуханбета Нурмуханбетова, участника открытия Иссыкского "Золотого человека". Подготовлена Г.С.Джумабековой, Г.А.Базарбаевой, А.Е.Касеналиным,... more
Публикуются статьи по раннему железному веку. Книга посвящена 75-летию казахского археолога Бекмуханбета Нурмуханбетова, участника открытия Иссыкского "Золотого человека". Подготовлена Г.С.Джумабековой, Г.А.Базарбаевой, А.Е.Касеналиным, А.З.Бейсеновым. Издана А.З.Бейсеновым.
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Даны статьи, посвященные исследованию памятников эпохи поздней бронзы.
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В монографии даны материалы и обобщения по исследованию поселений сакского времени Центрального Казахстана и Горного Алтая. Книга знакомит читателя с историей изучения памятников, показывает особенности керамических комплексов, жилищ.... more
В монографии даны материалы и обобщения по исследованию поселений сакского времени Центрального Казахстана и Горного Алтая. Книга знакомит читателя с историей изучения памятников, показывает особенности керамических комплексов, жилищ. Авторы представили также ряд выводов на данном этапе изучения поселений.
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Книга, написанная коллективом авторов.
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В монографии приводится обзор новых археологических данных по Центральному Казахстану, публикуются накопленные со времен работ М.К.Кадырбаева палеоантропологические материалы. Основная часть книги посвящена антропологическим... more
В монографии приводится обзор новых археологических данных по Центральному Казахстану, публикуются накопленные со времен работ М.К.Кадырбаева палеоантропологические материалы.
Основная часть книги посвящена антропологическим исследованиям – вводятся в научный оборот данные свыше 70 индивидов, полученные по курганам двух исторических периодов, тасмолинского (VIII-V вв. до н.э.) и коргантасского (IV-II вв. до н.э.).
Основная часть книги посвящена антропологическим исследованиям – вводятся в научный оборот данные свыше 70 индивидов, полученные по курганам двух исторических периодов, тасмолинского (VIII-V вв. до н.э.) и коргантасского (IV-II вв. до н.э.).
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Книга-альбом.
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даны материалы по петрглифам раннего железного века Жетысу.
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В монографии авторами провдятся материалы эпохи поздней бронзы Центрального Казахстана.
